Poisoning, caffeine

Wurl.P., Life threatening caffeine poisoning by using coffee as a psychoactive drug. Wien Klin Wochenschr 106(11), 359-361, 1994. 

In the end, Balzac ate dry coffee grounds to achieve the desired stimulant effect. Alas, caffeine poisoning was a major contributor to his early death. 

Deaths and near-deaths due to caffeine poisoning have happened, but they are very infrequent. Drinking too much coffee is not a cause of these deaths, since it is virtually impossible to ingest life-threatening amounts of caffeine in beverage form. Caffeine tablets and medicine containing caffeine are responsible for the lethal doses. —... 

Jokela S, Vartiainen A. Caffeine poisoning. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol (Copenh) 1959 15 331. ... 

A. The earliest symptoms of acute caffeine poisoning are usually anorexia, tremor, and restlessness. These are followed by nausea, vomiting, tachycardia, and confusion. With serious intoxication, delirium, seizures, supraventricular and ventricular tachyarrhythmias, hypokalemia, and hyperglycemia may occur. Hypotension is caused by excessive beta-2-mediated vasodilation and is characterized by a low diastolic pressure and a wide pulse pressure. 

Rudolph T, Knudsen K. A case of fatal caffeine poisoning. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2010 54 521-3. 

Lactic acidosis has been reported in caffeine poisoning [94 ]. 

Excessive sympathetic stimulation with increased glycogenolysis and lipolysis and a secondary rise in pyruvate could explain lactic acidosis in caffeine poisoning. 

Schmidt A, Karlson-Stiber C. Caffeine poisoning and lactate rise an overlooked toxic effect Acta Anaesth Scand 2008 52 1012-4. 

Other Uses. Other appHcations for sodium nitrite include the syntheses of saccharin [81-07-2] (see Sweeteners), synthetic caffeine [58-08-2] (22), fluoroaromatics (23), and other pharmaceuticals (qv), pesticides (qv), and organic substances as an inhibitor of polymerization (24) in the production of foam blowing agents (25) in removing H2S from natural gas (26) in textile dyeing (see Textiles) as an analytical reagent and as an antidote for cyanide poisoning (see Cyanides). 

Dogs and cats should never be permitted to eat chocolate, because chocolate works like a poison in their bodies. Chocolate contains a chemical called theobromine, which is similar to caffeine. Human bodies are able to process the theobromine without any ill side effects, but dogs and cats cannot. 

Consumed in normal doses, caffeine generally does not have any acute toxicity. Fatal poisoning with caffeine is rare, occuring with doses... 

The production and sale of coffee is a large international business solely designed to satisfy the demand for caffeine, the most widely consumed stimulant in the world. Mushrooms present another interesting challenge. Every year people are sickened and even die from eating poison mushrooms, while others consume them for their hallucinogenic effects. 

Systemic antidotes They produce the action which are opposite to that of poison e.g. caffeine for morphine and atropine for pilocarpine. 

The xanthines caffeine (40 R1 = R2 = R3 = Me), theophylline (40 R1 = R2 = Me, R3 = H) and theobromine (40 R1 = R3 = Me, R2 = H), which are the stimulants present in tea, coffee, cocoa and many other beverages, have a number of therapeutic uses. They were formerly used as diuretics, theophylline being the most potent, and caffeine is a powerful CNS stimulant useful in treating cases of poisoning by CNS depressants. Caffeine has also been... 

Caffeine (40 R1 = R2 = R3 = Me) is a powerful CNS stimulant, and the other xanthines theophylline and theobromine have rather less activity. The popularity of beverages containing xanthines depends on this stimulant effect. Caffeine is useful in morphine poisoning. 

In 1909, the federal government seized a shipment of Coca-Cola syrup, citing the added caffeine as a poisonous and deleterious substance. In 1959, caffeine was... 

Brown CR. Caffeine. In Olson KR, Becker CE, Benowitz NL, Buchanan JF, Mycroft FJ, Osterloh J, Woo OF, eds. Poisoning and Drug Overdose. Norwalk, CT Appleton Lange, 1990 100-102. 

Several SM have been used by mankind for thousands of years22,27 as dyes (e.g., indigo, shikonine), flavors (e.g., vanillin, capsaicin, mustard oils), fragrances (e.g., rose oil, lavender oil and other essential oils), stimulants (e.g., caffeine, nicotine, ephedrine), hallucinogens (e.g., morphine, cocaine, mescaline, hyoscyamine, scopolamine, tetrahydrocannabinol), insecticides (e.g., nicotine, piperine, pyrethrin), vertebrate and human poisons (e.g., coniine, strychnine, aconitine) and even therapeutic agents (e.g., atropine, quinine, cardenolides, codeine, etc.). 

A large group of nitrogen bases found in seeds, berries and roots of plants. Many are poisonous but others have found a use in medicine, including morphine. Caffeine is also an alkaloid but is not poisonous in small amounts. 

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