Variability genetic

Another new development of immediate clinical usefulness is the analysis of genetic variability in the cytochrome P450 enzyme system in patients, which... 

Mutation is a stable, heritable change of a gene from one allele to another, which both creates and maintains genetic variability in populations. Most mutations adversely affect the survival and reproductive success of their bearers, but if the physical or biological environment changes, previously neutral or harmful alleles may become beneficial. Mutation rates typically are very low, but they are sufficient to create considerable genetic variation over many generations. 

Quarrie, S.A. (1981). Genetic variability and heritability of drought-induced abscisic acid accumulation in spring wheat. Plant, Cell Environment, 4,147-51. 

The use of protoplasts in studies of stress physiology and biochemistry expands the advantages of cell culture systems discussed in the preceding sections. Additional applications are related to the fusion of protoplasts. Intraspecifie and interspecific protoplast fusion greatly enhance genetic variability of the fused protoplasts (Kumar Cocking, 1987). The resulting somatic hybrids provide cells which can be used for selection of specific traits (e.g. environmental stress tolerance) provided by one or both donor cells and for basic studies on cytoplasmic and nuclear inheritance of desired characteristics. 

Blum, A. (1982). Evidence for genetic variability in drought resistance and its implication in plant breeding. In Drought Resistance in Crops With Emphasis on Rice, pp. 52-70. Los Banos, Philippines International Rice Research Institute. 

Jordan, W.R. Miller, F.R. (1980). Genetic variability in sorghum root systems implication for drought tolerance. In Adaptation of Plants to Water and High Temperature Stress, ed. N.C. Turner and P.J. Kramer, pp. 383-400. New York Wiley Interscience. 

There is no reason to think that the other kind of hypothetical module, the kind exemplified by the rape module that directs different responses to different situations, will be any less susceptible to developmental variation than quasi-deterministic modules such as the homosexuality module. Plus, for that matter, there is no particular reason to suppose that there will be less initial genetic variability in cases such as the rape module. So perhaps the perspectives of evolutionary psychology and behavioural genetics should not be seen as fundamentally disparate. 

Identification of Parasitic Nematodes and Study of Genetic Variability Using PCR Approaches... 

Analysis of Genetic Variability by PCR-coupled Mutation Detection Methods... 

Observations of person-to-person differences in the metabolism of drugs and consequently in drug kinetics and response led to the concepts of pharmacogenetics. The same principal concepts apply to the genetic variability in the reaction to food components (e.g., lactose intolerance) or to environmental toxins (e.g., carcinogens). These fields often are termed ecogenetics and toxicogenetics . 

Phase I The preliminary studies in humans are designed to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and the acute toxicity/tolerability of the potential dmg. Usually, phase I studies are carried out in a very small population [15—40] of healthy male volunteers. Thus, the nature of the population tested and the small number of individuals involved limits the scope of pharmacogenomics to the study of genetic variability in drug metabolism. 

Most, if not all, pharmaceutical companies are now identifying the genetic variability around the targets for their molecules. This is absolutely critical to be sure that the chemical molecule binds to the most common form of the biological target and not a rare form or a form found only in animals. 

Genetic variability unquestionably affects how a drug acts on different people, but genes for drug activity and response are not localized in socially defined races (Graves, 2001). Pharmacogenetic studies have demonstrated... 

Quader M, Daggard G, Barrow R, Walker S, Sutherland MW (2001) Allelopathy, DIMBOA production and genetic variability in accessions of Triticum speltoides. 3 Chem Ecol 27 747-760... 

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