Gastrointestinal motility

A major problem associated with classic oral sustained release drug delivery is the uncertainty of location, and hence environment, of the drug-dosage form at any point in time following ingestion. Therefore, it is important to understand the possible implications of GI motility on the location of drug delivery systems in the GI tract under various physiological conditions. 

Typically, the MMC sequence begins in the stomach or esophagus and migrates to the distal ileum. Some MMC, however, originates in the duodenum or jejunum and not all MMC 

FIGURE 1.3 Pictorial presentation of the typical motility patterns in the fasted (interdigestive) and fed stomach. (From Rubinstein, A., Kin Li, H.K.V., Gruber, P., and Robinson, J.R., in Oral Sustained Release Formulations, Design and Evaluation (A. Yacobi and E. Halperin-Walega, Eds.), Pergamon Press, New York, 1988, p. 125.) 

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A high concentration of DOPs is found in the olfactory bulb, the neocortex, caudate putamen, and in the spinal cord, but they are also present in the gastrointestinal tract and other peripheral tissues. The functional roles of DOP are less clearly established than for MOP they may have a role in analgesia, gastrointestinal motility, mood and behaviour as well as in cardiovascular regulation [2]. 

The parasympathetic nervous system is capable of maintaining gastrointestinal motility, etc., even when connections to the central nervous system have been... 

GD Leesman, PJ Sinko, GL Amidon. Simulation of oral drug absorption Gastric emptying and gastrointestinal motility. In PG Welling, FLS Tse, eds. Pharmacokinetics. 2nd ed. New York Marcel Dekker, 1989, pp 267-284. 

Distinguish between the two types of gastrointestinal motility segmentation and peristalsis... 

Muscular activity, or gastrointestinal motility, is enhanced by stretching the muscle, as occurs with the presence of food materials and distension of... 

Massi M., loan P., Budriesi R., Chiarini A., Vitali B., Lammers K.M., Gionchetti P., Campieri M., Lembo A. and Brigidi P. (2006). Effects of probiotic bacteria on gastrointestinal motility in guinea-pig isolated tissue . World J Gastroenterol, 7,12(37),... 

Bacterial overgrowth Pathogenesis Gastrointestinal motility Gastric acid Malabsorption syndromes... 

Valdovinos MA, Camilleri M, Thomforde GM, Frie C Reduced accuracy of 14C- >-xylose breath test for detection of bacterial overgrowth in gastrointestinal motility disorders. Scand J Gastroenterol 1993 28 963-968. 

Smout AJPM Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Pathogenesis and Diagnosis in Champion MC, Orr WC (eds) Gastrointestinal Motility. Oxford, Blackwell Science, 2001, pp 46-63. 

Quigley EMM Gastric and small intestinal motility in health and disease in Camilleri M (ed) Gastrointestinal Motility in Clinical Practice. Philadelphia, Saunders, 1996, pp 113— 147. 

Husebye E Gastrointestinal motility disorders and bacterial overgrowth. J Intern Med 1995 237 419-427. 

Camilleri M, Hasler WL, Parkman HP, Quigley EM, Sofifer E Measurement of gastrointestinal motility in the GI laboratory. Gastroenterology 1998 115 747-762. 

Softer EE, Summers RW Ambulant manometry in Kumar D, Wingate DL (eds) An Illustrated Guide to Gastrointestinal Motility. Edinburgh, Churchill Livingstone, 1993, pp 200-210. 

Malagelada JR, Camilleri M, Stanghellini V Manometric Diagnosis of Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders. New York, Thieme, 1986. 

Di Lorenzo C, Dooley CP, Valenzula JE Role of fasting gastrointestinal motility in the variability of gastrointestinal transit time assessed by hydrogen breath test. Gut 1991 32 1127-1130. 

Bharucha AE, Camilleri M, Low PA, Zins-meister AR Autonomic dysfunction in gastrointestinal motility disorders. Gut 1993 34 397-401. 

Camilleri M, Malagelada JR, Stanghellini V, Fealey RD, Sheps SG Gastrointestinal motility disturbances in patients with orthostatic hypotension. Gastroenterology 1985 88 1852-1859. 

Fealey RD, Szurszewski JH, Merritt JL, Di-Magno EP Effect of traumatic spinal cord transection on human upper gastrointestinal motility and gastric emptying. Gastroenterology 1984 87 69-75. 

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