Environmental protection, from pollution

Gryning, S. E., and Lyck, E., "Comparison between Dispersion Calculation Methods Based on In-Situ Meteorological Measurements and Results from Elevated- Source Tracer Experiments in an Urban Area." National Agency of Environmental Protection, Air Pollution Laboratory, MST Luft - A40. Riso National Laboratory, Denmark, 1980. 

Waste waters in the production of silicone monomers and polymers is an important economic issue. It is connected with environmental protection from air contamination and pollution of rivers, seas and other water bodies. Especially important in silicone production is the purification of acid waste waters from organic impurities (toluene, benzene, methyl alcohol, etc.). 

Free on loan from U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (Pollution Prevention Information Clearinghouse) Purchase 98 from Government Institutes, Inc. 

Air Pollution. Particulates and sulfur dioxide emissions from commercial oil shale operations would require proper control technology. Compliance monitoring carried out at the Unocal Parachute Creek Project for respirable particulates, oxides of nitrogen, and sulfur dioxide from 1986 to 1990 indicate a +99% reduction in sulfur emissions at the retort and shale oil upgrading faciUties. No violations for unauthorized air emissions were issued by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency during this time (62). 

Cement plants in the United States are now carehiUy monitored for compliance with Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standards for emissions of particulates, SO, NO, and hydrocarbons. AH plants incorporate particulate collection devices such as baghouses and electrostatic precipitators (see Air POLLUTION CONTROL methods). The particulates removed from stack emissions are called cement kiln dust (CKD). It has been shown that CKD is characterized by low concentrations of metals which leach from the CKD at levels far below regulatory limits (63,64). Environmental issues continue to be of concern as the use of waste fuel in cement kilns becomes more widespread. 

Offsets Policy Offsets were EPAs first application of the concept that one source could meet its environmental protection obligations by getting another source to assume additional control actions. In nonattainment areas, pollution from a proposed new source, even one that controls its emissions to the lowest possible level, would aggravate existing violations of ambient air-quahty standards and trigger the statutory prohibition. The offsets policy provided these new sources with an alternative. The source could proceed with construction plans, provided that ... 

The effects attributed to air pollutants range from mild eye irritation to mortality. In most cases, the effect is to aggravate preexisting diseases or to degrade the health status, making persons more susceptible to infection or development of a chronic respiratory disease. Some of the effects associated with specific pollutants are listed in Table 7-2. Further information is available in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency criteria documents summarized in Chapter 22. 

Fig. 12-2. NO-NO2-O3 ambient concentration profiles from average of four Regional Air Monitoring Stations (RAPS) in downtown St. Louis, Missouri (USA) on October 1, 1976. Source RAPS, Data obtained from the 1976 data file for the Regional Air Pollution Study Program. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 1976.

Data obtained from the 1976 data file of the Regional Air Pollution Study Program. U.S Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 1976. 

For any pollutant, air quality criteria may refer to different types of effects. For example. Tables 22-1 through 22-6 list effects on humans, animals, vegetation, materials, and the atmosphere caused by various exposures to sulfur dioxide, particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, ozone, and lead. These data are from fhe Air Quality Criteria for these pollutants published by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Final Rule, Control of Air Pollution From New Motor Vehicles and New Motor Vehicle Engines Refueling Emission Regulations for... 

To consolidate the environmental protection acth -ities of the federal government, the Environmental Protection Agency was formed on December 2, 1970 from three federal Departments, three Administrations, three Bureaus, and several other offices. The mission of EPA was to collect data on pollution, conduct research on the adverse effects of pollution, and through grants and technical assistance, develop methods for controlling it. 

Note Tnis article is abstracted from a comprehensive state-of-the-art study of the military expls and-proplnts production industry and its w pollution abatement problems and programs, carried out by an ad hoc committee of the American Defense Preparedness Association for the Environmental Protection Agency. A comprehensive report authored by Col. Norman I. Shapira (USA, Ret), Drs James Patterson and John Brown, and Messrs William Duckert and Jack Poison is available from the National Tech-nical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161, in two volumes EPA-600/2-76-213a... 

Selective toxicity is also important in relation to the development of resistance or tolerance to pollutants from two distinct points of view. On the one hand, there is interest among scientists concerned with crop protection and disease control in mechanisms by which crop pests, vectors of disease, plant pathogens, and weeds develop resistance to pesticides. Understanding the mechanism should point to ways of overcoming resistance, for example, other compounds not affected by resistance mechanisms or synergists to inhibit enzymes that provide a resistance mechanism. On the other hand, the development of resistance can be a useful indication of the environmental impact of pollutants. 

Discharge of trade effluent into a sewer requires a consent from the Sewerage Undertaker under a procedure set out in the Public Health (Drainage of Trade Premises) Act 1961, Control of Pollution Act 1974 and Water Act 1989. The Environmental Protection Act 1990 is also applicable to prescribed processes and substances. 

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