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REACT

Consider the process illustrated in Fig. 1.2. The process requires a reactor to transform the FEED into PRODUCT (Fig. 1.2a). Unfortunately, not all the FEED reacts. Also, part of the FEED reacts to form BYPRODUCT instead of the desired PRODUCT. A... [Pg.3]

An example of such recychng in a parallel reaction system is in the Oxo process for the production of C4 alcohols. Propylene and synthesis gas (a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen) are first reacted to ra- and isobutyraldehydes using a cobalt-based catalyst. Two parallel reactions occur ... [Pg.38]

Heterogeneous catalysts. In heterogeneous catalysis, the catalyst is in a different phase from the reacting species. Most often, the... [Pg.46]

Series reactions occur in which the tert-butyl hydrogen sulfate reacts to unwanted tert-butyl alcohol ... [Pg.52]

As an example of the application of a fixed-bed tubular reactor, consider the production of methanol. Synthesis gas (a mixture of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide) is reacted over a copper-based cat dyst. The main reactions are... [Pg.56]

Gas-liquid mixtures are sometimes reacted in packed beds. The gas and the liquid usually flow cocurrently. Such trickle-bed reactors have the advantage that residence times of the liquid are shorter than in countercurrent operation. This can be useful in avoiding unwanted side reactions. [Pg.56]

Fixed-bed noncatalytic reactors. Fixed-bed reactors can be used to react a gas and a solid. For example, hydrogen sulfide can be removed from fuel gases by reaction with ferric oxide ... [Pg.56]

Fluidized-bed catalytic reactors. In fluidized-bed reactors, solid material in the form of fine particles is held in suspension by the upward flow of the reacting fluid. The effect of the rapid motion of the particles is good heat transfer and temperature uniformity. This prevents the formation of the hot spots that can occur with fixed-bed reactors. [Pg.58]

As with distillation, no attempt should be made to carry out any optimization of liquid flow rate, temperature, or pressure at this stage in the design. The separation in absorption is sometimes enhanced by adding a component to the liquid which reacts with the solute. [Pg.84]

Laboratory studies indicate that a hydrogen-toluene ratio of 5 at the reactor inlet is required to prevent excessive coke formation in the reactor. Even with a large excess of hydrogen, the toluene cannot be forced to complete conversion. The laboratory studies indicate that the selectivity (i.e., fraction of toluene reacted which is converted to benzene) is related to the conversion (i.e., fraction of toluene fed which is reacted) according to ... [Pg.110]

Consider again the simple process shown in Fig. 4.4d in which FEED is reacted to PRODUCT. If the process usbs a distillation column as separator, there is a tradeofi" between refiux ratio and the number of plates if the feed and products to the distillation column are fixed, as discussed in Chap. 3 (Fig. 3.7). This, of course, assumes that the reboiler and/or condenser are not heat integrated. If the reboiler and/or condenser are heat integrated, the, tradeoff is quite different from that shown in Fig. 3.7, but we shall return to this point later in Chap. 14. The important thing to note for now is that if the reboiler and condenser are using external utilities, then the tradeoff between reflux ratio and the number of plates does not affect other operations in the flowsheet. It is a local tradeoff. [Pg.239]

Consider again the simple process in Fig. 4.1 in which FEED is reacted to PRODUCT via the reaction... [Pg.241]

The value of PRODUCT formation and the raw materials cost of FEED that reacts to PRODUCT are constant. Alternatively, if the byproduct has no value, the cost of disposal should be included as... [Pg.244]

Consider vinyl chloride production (see Example 2.1). In the oxychlorination reaction step of the process, ethylene, hydrogen chloride, and oxygen are reacted to form dichloroethane ... [Pg.283]

A fiowsheet for this part of the vinyl chloride process is shown in Fig. 10.5. The reactants, ethylene and chlorine, dissolve in circulating liquid dichloroethane and react in solution to form more dichloroethane. Temperature is maintained between 45 and 65°C, and a small amount of ferric chloride is present to catalyze the reaction. The reaction generates considerable heat. [Pg.285]

This problem is solved in the reactor shown in Fig. 10.6. Ethylene and chlorine are introduced into circulating liquid dichloroethane. They dissolve and react to form more dichloroethane. No boiling takes place in the zone where the reactants are introduced or in the zone of reaction. As shown in Fig. 10.6, the reactor has a U-leg in which dichloroethane circulates as a result of gas lift and thermosyphon effects. Ethylene and chlorine are introduced at the bottom of the up-leg, which is under sufficient hydrostatic head to prevent boiling. [Pg.286]

The reactants dissolve and immediately begin to react to form further dichloroethane. The reaction is essentially complete at a point only two-thirds up the rising leg. As the liquid continues to rise, boiling begins, and finally, the vapor-liquid mixture enters the disengagement drum. A very slight excess of ethylene ensures essentially 100 percent conversion of chlorine. [Pg.286]

Fuel-bound NO. is formed at low as well as high temperatures. However, part of the fuel nitrogen is directly reacted to N2. Moreover, N2O and N2O4 are also formed in various reactions and add to the complexity of the formation. It is virtually impossible to calculate a precise value for the NO, emitted by a real combustion device. NO, emissions depend not only on the type of combustion technology but also on its size and the type of fuel used. [Pg.307]

Figure 13.1a shows two possible thermal profiles for exothermic plug-fiow reactors. If the rate of heat removal is low and/or the heat of reaction is high, then the temperature of the reacting stream will increase along the length of the reactor. If the rate of heat removal is high and/or the heat of reaction is low, then the temperature will fall. Under conditions between the two profiles shown in Fig. 13.1a, a maximum can occur in the temperature at an intermediate point between the reactor inlet and exit. [Pg.327]

ANstreams = enthalpy change between feed and product streams AI/react = reaction enthalpy (negative in the case of exothermic reactions)... [Pg.329]

White crystals, m.p. 114" C. Manufactured by reacting aniline with excess ethanoic acid or ethanoic anhydride. Chief use is in the manufacture of dye intermediates such as p-nitro-acetanilide, p-nitroaniline and p-phenylene-diamine, in the manufacture of rubber, and as a peroxide stabilizer. [Pg.10]

Amidines are best made in two stages a nitrile reacts with dry HCl and anhydrous alcohols to give an imidic ester (imino-ether) which yields an amidine with NH3. [Pg.27]


See other pages where REACT is mentioned: [Pg.4]    [Pg.31]    [Pg.49]    [Pg.49]    [Pg.57]    [Pg.60]    [Pg.105]    [Pg.105]    [Pg.109]    [Pg.281]    [Pg.329]    [Pg.11]    [Pg.14]    [Pg.14]    [Pg.17]    [Pg.18]    [Pg.19]    [Pg.19]    [Pg.19]    [Pg.21]    [Pg.21]    [Pg.22]    [Pg.23]    [Pg.25]    [Pg.25]    [Pg.27]    [Pg.27]    [Pg.28]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.359 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.3 , Pg.165 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.627 ]




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2.4.6- Triphenylpyridine reacts with

A Cations Ability to React with Water

A simple model for reacting systems

Acetoacetates reacting with alkyl halides

Acid anhydride A nonmetal oxide that reacts

Acids metals reacting with

Acids reacting with

Acrylates reacting with

Activation of Reacting Molecules

Activation of Reacting Molecules by Collisions The Lindemann Theory

Acylium cation reacting with aromatics

Additives in slowly reacting mixtures of hydrogen and oxygen

Aldehydes can react with alcohols to

Aldehydes can react with alcohols to form hemiacetals

Aldehydes reacting with

Alkanes reacting with halogens

Alkenes react with bromine

Alkyl benzenes also react at the ortho and para positions

Alkyl benzenes react at the ortho and para positions a donor substituents

Alkyl halides reacting with

Allylic sources reacting with

Aluminum hydrides, 155. reacting with

Amines react with carbonyl compounds

Amines tetra-reacted

Amount of monomer reacted

An Anions Ability to React with Water

Analysis of the Reaction Products after Reacting Magnesium with Air

Anaphylaxis, slow-reacting substance

Antibodies reacting with denatured DNA

Antibodies reacting with native DNA

Antigenic Determinants Reacting with Antibody

Any water or moisture also reacts

Application to turbulent reacting flows

Aromatics reacting with

Asphaltene reacted

Atomic hydrogen reacting with

Atomic hydrogen reacting with carbon

Axially and equatorially substituted rings react differently

Bases in proton transfer, reacting

Bases. reacting with

Basic Criteria for Chemical Equilibrium of Reacting Systems

Basic Equations of Multicomponent Reacting Flows

Basic anhydride A metal oxide that reacts with

Bistability in reacting systems

Borane reacting with

Borohydrides reacting with

Box 9-3 Strong Plus Weak Reacts Completely

C-L Sinks Reacting with Common Sources

CD-React

Calcium react with proteins

Carbocations reacting with

Carbodiimides reacting with carboxylic acids

Carbon monoxide reacting mixtures

Carbonyl groups thiols reacting with

Carboxyl derivatives reacting with

Carboxylic acids reacting with

Cellulose oligosaccharides react

Chain-reacting system

Chain-reacting system self-sustaining

Channel Flow with Soluble or Rapidly Reacting Walls

Channel flow chemically reacting

Channel flow with rapidly reacting walls

Chemical equations calculating reacting quantities

Chemical potential reacting species

Chemical reacting adhesives

Chemically reacting fluids (

Chemicals react

Chemicals that React with Stratospheric Ozone

Chlorine sodium atoms reacting with

Completely reacted material

Complex reacting systems, modeling

Computer REACT

Condenser, react

Conjugate acceptors reacting with

Conservation of Mass for a Reacting Species

Consolidant reacting

Coplanarity of Reacting Centers

Copper react with proteins

Core, react

Coupling of fibre-optics to reacting systems

Cross reacting material

Cross-reacting cannabinoid

Cross-reacting carbohydrate determinants

Cross-reacting determinant

Cyanide anion reacting with

Determination of Change in Enthalpy for Reacting Species and Mixtures

Diazomethane reacting with

Effects of Non-reacting Ligands

Electronic States of Reacting Silylenes

Enolates Fischer carbene complexes react

Enones, 367. reacting with

Enzymes reacting with both enantiomeric forms of a substrate

Equations of State in Chemical Reacting Systems

Equilibrium Thermodynamics of Reacting Multiphase Mixtures

Equilibrium-chemistry limit reacting scalars

Ester enolates reacting with esters

Ethanol reacting with oxygen

Ethyl alcohol elements reacting with

Extent carbon reacted

FINDING OUT HOW MUCH OF A CHEMICAL REACTS

Fe reacts

Fibre-reactive Groups Reacting by Nucleophilic Addition

Fibre-reactive Groups Reacting by Nucleophilic Substitution

First Law for Reacting Systems

Flow Past a Reacting Flat Plate

Flux A substance added to react with

Fraction reacted

Fraction reacted, definition

Fractionation in reacting systems

From isocyanate reacted with

Frontier orbitals reacting with electrophiles

Frontier orbitals reacting with radicals

Gases reacting volumes

Gasoline oxygen reacting with

Gibbs Phase Rule for Chemically Reacting Systems and Independent Reactions

Grignard reagents react with boronic acid

H-A Sinks Reacting with Common Sources

Hierarchy of Stochastic Models for Well-mixed, Chemically Reacting Systems

How Aldehydes and Ketones React

How Alkenes React Curved Arrows Show the Flow of Electrons

How Benzene Reacts

How Do Carboxylic Acid Derivatives React with Alcohols

How Do Carboxylic Acid Derivatives React with Ammonia and Amines

How Do Esters React with Grignard Reagents

How Does Your Body React

How an Organic Compound Reacts Depends on its Functional Group

How do radicals react

Hydrocarbons, react with oxygen

Hydrochloric acid zinc reacting with

Hydrogen halides reacting with

Hydrogen peroxide reacting with

Hydrogen reacting with deuterium molecule

Hydroxide ions from base reacting with

Hydroxide reacting with

Hydroxylamines reacting with ketones

Iminium ions reacting with enols

Immunoassay cross-reacting metabolites

Iron atoms reacting with

Iron atoms reacting with chemistry

Isothiazole react with hexacarbonyls

Ketones alkyne anion reacting with

Ketones organolithium reagent reacting with

Kinetic fast-reacting enantiomer

Kinetic slow-reacting enantiomer

Lamellar reacting models

Lewis acids reacting with lone pairs

Liquid reacting

Lone pairs reacting with

Magnesium react with proteins

Major Paths for Radicals Reacting with Neutrals

Majority reacting intermediate

Materials reacting aggressively with water

Materials which react with cement hydration products

Mechanistic Aspect of NO-NH3-O2 Reacting System

Mercury react with proteins

Metal Complexes which React Irreversibly with Dioxygen

Metal Complexes which React Reversibly with Dioxygen

Metal hydrides reacting with

Metals reacting with gases studied

Methane reacting with water

Migration of the reacting species

Model of a Reacting Liquid

Molecular orbitals reacting

Monomer reacting

Multiphase flow reacting

Multiphase reacting systems

Mutarotation, alpha, of reacting mixtures starch

Networks from Aromatic Linear Chains Created by Reacting Backbone Diacetylene or Pendant Acetylene Groups

Ninhydrin react with amino

Ninhydrin react with amino acids

Nitric Oxide Reacting with Superoxide

Non-isothermal reacting flows

Nonacarbonyl, diiron, react with

Numerical Methods for Reacting Flows

Numerical Waves in High-Fidelity Simulations of Reacting Flows

Object reacting with adhesive

Oceanic water column, reacting

Operation safety, react

Organoboranes reacting with

Organocoppers, 154. reacting with enones

Organolithiums, 154. reacting with enones

Organomagnesiums, 154. reacting with

Organometallics reacting with

Oxygen complexes reacting with

Oxygen metal reacting with

Oxygen methane reacting with

Oxygen propane reacting with

PDF methods for turbulent reacting flows

Permanganate, iron ions reacting with

Peroxides reacting with enones

Phase Diagrams of Reacting Systems

Phase Rule and Duhems Theorem for Reacting Systems

Phase diagrams, reacting systems

Phase reacted

Phase reacting systems

Phosphate esters reacting with hydroxide

Photoexcitation of reacting species

Physical Waves In Reacting Flows

Plasma-produced reacting with

Poison, react

Polarized multiple bonds reacting with

Potassium react with proteins

Potassium reacting with water

Potential Electrolytes Nonionic Substances That React with the Solvent to Yield Ions

Potential to react

Primary isotope effects and reacting bond orders

Program REACT

REACT methodology

REACT module

REACT program evaluation

REACT software

Ratio , integral reacting

React by Insertions of Olefins into Monohydride Intermediates

React reacted with, reaction

React with

Reacted at different

Reacting

Reacting Flow in An Aircraft Combustion Chamber

Reacting Less Violently The Group 2 Alkaline Earth Metals

Reacting Metal Electrodes

Reacting Metallic Calcium with Carbon

Reacting Samples

Reacting Systems-Kinetics and Batch Reactors

Reacting bond rules

Reacting centers

Reacting channel flows

Reacting configuration

Reacting electrodes

Reacting first-order reaction

Reacting flat plate, flow past

Reacting flow

Reacting flows, multicomponent

Reacting foam

Reacting groups

Reacting laminae models

Reacting masses

Reacting masses and volumes

Reacting mixtures, critical

Reacting numerical methods

Reacting orbitals

Reacting polymer mixture

Reacting porous medium

Reacting quantities and the mole

Reacting ratio

Reacting sintering

Reacting smooth surface

Reacting solution concentration effect

Reacting species

Reacting surfaces

Reacting system

Reacting system, description

Reacting systems, Calorimetry

Reacting systems, phase separation

Reacting to Other Parts of the Spectrum

Reacting to the Motivational Environment

Reacting units

Reacting units acid-base

Reacting units reduction-oxidation

Reacting volumes of gases

Reacting wall-catalyzed reaction

Reacting with Knoevenagel Condensation

Reacting with other elements

Reactive Group Content of the Reacting Polymers

Recognition of the reacting species

Redox reactions reacting species

Regimes of turbulent reacting flows

SRS-A (slow-reacting substance

Safety systems, react

Scalar flux reacting scalars

Scandium atoms reacting with

Self reacting materials

Single-phase flows reacting

Slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS

Slow-reacting

Slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis

Slow-reacting substances

Slow-reacting system

Slower reacting systems

Sodium react with proteins

Stoichiometry of chemically reacting species

Sulfonyl halides reacting with alcohols

Sulfur ylides reacting with ketones

Synthetic Molecules That Specifically React with Target Sequences

TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reacting

Temperature Effects and Molecules That React

Temperature gradients in reacting systems

The Laws for Closed Reacting Systems

The Laws for Open Reacting Systems

The Stoichiometry of Reacting Gases

The initial solid reacts with another phase

The phase rule for chemically reacting systems

Thermal Diffusion in a Reacting System

Thermal analysis metals reacting with gases

Thermodynamic properties complexes reacting with

Thermodynamic properties of reacting mixtures

Thiobarbituric acid reacting substances

Thiobarbituric acid reacting substances TBARS)

Thiols arsenical, react with

Three Mile Island react

Transferring solute reacts

Transition states, reacting molecules

Transition states, reacting molecules properties

Transport Phenomena in Microscale Reacting Flows

Transport equation reacting

Transport equation scalar, reacting

Treatment of reacting scalars

Turbulent reacting flow

Two Reacting Species

Uniform Reacting Mixture in Closed System

Uniformly reacting solids

Vinyl halides from alkynes reacting with acids

Viscosity reacting polymer

WAVES IN REACTING FLOWS

Water hazards chemicals reacting with, strong

Water reacting with

Water reacting with strong chemicals

Water, metal reacting with

What happens when iron and copper(ll) sulfate react

Why Do Molecules React

Why does salt form when sodium and chlorine react

Y-L Sinks Reacting with Common Sources

Your process drivers react immediately to changing market demands

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