Sodium chlorine atoms reacting with

Although skeleton equations are useful, they do not fully describe chemical reactions. To understand why, consider the skeleton equation showing the formation of sodium chloride (above). According to this equation, one sodium atom reacts with one chlorine molecule containing two chlorine atoms. The product is one formula unit of sodium chloride, containing one atom of sodium and one atom of chlorine. Where has the extra chlorine atom gone ... 

Sodium metal (which is so soft it can be cut with a knife and which consists of individual sodium atoms) reacts with chlorine gas (which contains Cl2 molecules) to form solid sodium chloride (which contains l la+ and... 

In this reaction, solid sodium, which contains neutral sodium atoms, reacts with chlorine gas, which contains diatomic CI2 molecules, to form the ionic solid NaCI, which contains Na and Cl ions. This process is represented in Fig. 4.19. Reactions like this one, in which one or more electrons are transferred, are called oxidation-reduction reactions or redox reactions. 

When a sodium atom reacts with a chlorine atom, the sodium atom loses one electron to chlorine (to obtain the stable electron arrangement of neon), while the chlorine atom, in gaining an extra electron, attains the stable electron arrangement of argon. This can be represented in an equation ... 

Draw a diagram to show what happens when a sodium atom reacts with a chlorine atom. 

When you look at a balanced equation, there are two ways to interpret the coefficients. The coefficients tell you how many individual particles are interacting in the chemical reaction. For example, from the chemical equation above, you learn that two sodium atoms react with one chlorine molecule to form two formula units of table salt. You also learn that two moles of sodium react with one mole of chlorine to form two moles of salt. What the coefficients do not tell you directly is the masses of the reactants and the products in the chemical reaction. 

The chlorine atom in a-chloroalkylbenzotriazoles (560) undergoes exchange with other halogen atoms (Scheme 108). Thus, treatment of (560) with KF in the presence of 18-crown-6 gives the fluoro derivatives (561) <93PJC1243>. Sodium bromide or sodium iodide reacts with (560) to form (559, X = Br, I), whilst treatment of (560) with silver nitrate produces benzotriazol-l-ylmethyl... 

Consider sodium and chlorine atoms reacting with each other. The 3s electron from the sodium atom transfers to the half-filled 3p orbital in the chlorine atom to form a positive sodium ion and a negative chloride ion. The compound sodium chloride results because the Na and Cl ions are strongly attracted to each other by their opposite electrostatic charges. The force holding the oppositely charged ions together is called an ionic bond ... 

Ionic compounds have chemical properties very different from those of the neutral atoms from which they form. Sodium metal reacts very violently with water, and chlorine gas is poisonous and highly corrosive. In contrast, sodium chloride simply dissolves in water and is a substance that most people use to season their food. 

C04-0133. Sodium metal reacts vigorously with chlorine gas to form solid white sodium chloride. Draw a molecular picture showing ten sodium atoms and three chlorine molecules. Then draw another molecular picture of this same system after reaction occurs. 

When sodium reacts with chlorine to form NaCl, an electron moves from a sodium atom to a chlorine atom. The result is a compound composed of sodium ions and chloride ions, Na Ch, held together by an ionic bond. Ionic bonds do not hold molecules together by sharing electrons they hold them together because of the electrostatic attraction between the two oppositely charged ions. 

The equation states that elementary sodium reacts with elementary chlorine to produce sodium chloride, table salt. (The fact that chlorine is one of the seven elements that occur in diatomic molecules when not combined with other elements is indicated.) The numbers before the Na and NaCI are coefficients, stating how many formula units of these substances are involved. If there is no coefficient in a balanced equation, a coefficient of 1 is implied, and so the absence of a coefficient before the Cl2 implies one Cl2 molecule. The equation thus states that when the two reagents react, they do so in a ratio of two atoms of sodium to one molecule of chlorine, to form two formula units of sodium chloride. In addition, it states that when the two reagents react, they do so in a ratio of 2 mol of sodium to 1 mol of chlorine molecules, to form 2 mol of sodium chloride. The ratios of moles of each reactant and product to every other reactant or product are implied ... 

The structure in Figure 2.14 shows the result of an ionic reaction sodium metal has reacted with chlorine gas to yield white crystalline sodium chloride, NaCl. Each Na atom has lost an electron to form an Na+ cation and each chlorine atom has gained an electron and is hence a CP anion. In practice, the new electron possessed by the chloride came from the sodium atom. 

Isoflurophate Isoflurophate, the di-wo-propyl ester of fluorophosphoric acid (13.2.21), is made by reacting Mo-propyl alcohol with phosphorous trichloride, forming di-wo-propy-Iphosphite (13.2.19), which is chlorinated to (13.2.20), and further reacted with sodium fluoride to replace the chlorine atom with fluorine, thus giving isofluorophate (13.2.21) [50]. 

Butoconazole Bntoconazole, l-[4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)thio]butyl]-IH-imidazole (35.2.12), is synthesized from 4-chlorobenzylmagnesium bromide, which is reacted with epichloridrine to make 4-(4 -chlorophenyl)-l-chlorobutan-2-ol (35.2.10), which is reacted with imidazole in the presence of sodium to make 4-(4 -chlorophenyl)-l-(lH-imidazolyl)butanol-2 (35.2.11). The hydroxyl group in the last is replaced with a chlorine atom npon reaction with thionyl chloride, which is then by the reaction with 2,6-dichlorothiophenol bntoconazole [27,28], is obtained. 

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