Continuity gas-liquid

A special type of cross-flow reactor was developed in the laboratories of Vogt [16] to handle continuous gas / liquid reactions. The challenge in the reactor design was to combine efficient gas-liquid mixing, liquid level control in the reactor, turbulent flow across the membrane, and efficient gas-liquid separation to avoid gas contacting the membrane, which would lead to a shunt of gas. The total internal volume should not... 

A spray tower is a continuous gas-liquid reactor. Gases pass upward through a column and contact liquid reactant sprayed into the column. The spray tower represents the opposite extreme from a bubble tower. The spray tower has greater than 90% of the volume as gas. This allows for much reduced liquid-handling rates for highly soluble reactants. 

Static mixers are also used for continuous gas-liquid operations (see Section 9.9). The orientation of the mixer is important. A vertical orientation with both gas and liquids passing cocurrently downward is desirable. Considerable vendor information is available on gas-liquid dispersion in static mixers. 

If all components can be separated by distillation, (N-1) = 4 separation columns are necessary, which can be arranged in 14 different ways. If a second separation process (e.g, an extraction if the ester, alcohol, and water form azeotropes) must be added, this already results in 224 possible arrangements. If the number of possible reaction procedures (e.g., batch [Uhlemann 1996]/continuous, gas/liquid, ion exchar er/mineral acid) is also taken into consideration, there will be an almost infinite number of ways of carrying out the process (a so-called combinatorial explosion). 

Class B. These binaries have continuous gas-liquid critical lines and undergo liquid-liquid phase splits at low temperatures. The LLE curves have only UCSTs and the three-phase VLLE line terminates at a UCEP by intersecting the locus of UCSTs (see Figure 9.22). From the UCEP the UCST locus extends to higher pressures, but it does not intersect the gas-liquid critical line. The slope of the UCST locus may be positive or negative. 

Type I mixtures have continuous gas-liquid critical line and exhibit eomplete miseibil-ity of the liquids at all temperatures. Mixtures of substances with eomparable eritieal properties or substances belonging to a homologous series form Type I unless the size difference between components is large. The critical locus could be convex upward with a maximum or concave down with a minimum. Examples of Type I mixtures are Water -l-1-propanol, methane -i- n-butane, benzene -I- toluene, and carbon dioxide -I- n-butane. 

Chap. 10 Stage and Continuous Gas-Liquid Separation Processes... 

This part, on applications, covers the following unit operations 8. Evaporation 9. Drying of Process Materials 10. Stage and Continuous Gas-Liquid Separation Processes (humidification, absorption) 11. Vapor-Liquid Separation Processes (distillation) 12. Liquid—Liquid and Fluid-Solid Separation Processes (adsorption, ion exchange, extraction, leaching, crystallization) 13. Membrane Separation Processes (dialysis, gas separation, reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration) 14. Mechanical-Physical Separation Processes (filtration, settling, centrifugal separation, mechanical size reduction). 

The liquid volume flow in a continuous gas-liquid reactor can usually be assumed to be constant ... 

We first consider a polydisperse foam under mechanical equilibrium where drainage is absent. The upper region of such a foam is shown schematically in Figure 1.13. The continuous gas-liquid surface at y = 0 covers the dome-shaped tops of bubbles and the upper Plateau borders. The Laplace pressure jiunp at the gas-liquid surface of the Plateau borders is the difference between the atmospheric pressure, and... 

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