Reaction generation

Acetylenes are sufficiently acidic to react with sodium metal to generate acetylides, useful nucleophiles in the formation of carbon-carbon bonds. The reaction is classically carried out in liquid ammonia, which is a good solvent for alkali metals but which is troublesome to handle. Two convenient modifications of the acetylide generation reaction overcome this difficulty and are discussed below along with the classical method. 

The potential of the working electrode is thus stabilised by the reagent-generating reaction, and hence is prevented from drifting to a value such that an interfering reaction may result. 

The Flux-Generating Reaction Is the First Reaction in a Pathway That Is Saturated With Substrate... 

This carbon-carbon bond-generating reaction can be used extensively over a wide range of chemistries [11]. As the reaction is an equilibrium process, needing the removal of water to obtain high yields, chemical means have to be used to accomplish this task. 1,3-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) is a commonly used reagent for this purpose. Alternatively, molecular sieves find use for conventional processing, but are not so favorable for micro-reactor processing, because the sieve needs to be inserted into the micro channel (additional fabrication expenditure) and may disrupt the liquid transport if EOF is applied. 

Lee, D., SeUo, J.K., Schreiber, S.L. (2000) Pairwise Use of Complexity-Generating Reactions in Diversity-Oriented Organic Synthesis. Organic letters, 2, 709-712. 

The precise reaction conditions for optimal yields depend upon the specific reagents and both thermal290 and photochemical291 conditions have been developed. Phenyl thionocarbonates are easily prepared and are useful in radical generating reactions.292 A variety of other thiono esters, including xanthates and imidazolyl thiocarbonates also can be used.293... 

Naturally, there must be differences in the two types of search procedures. However, they do not originate in the mechanisms for generating reactions the latter is achieved for both types of searches via the formal reaction schemes. Instead, the differences come from the way in which the reactions are evaluated and selected. The various... 

In the rechargeable lithium-ion batteries, in which current-generating reactions are based on a "rocking chair" mechanism, the ions of lithium shift back and forth between the intercalation hosts of the cathode and anode. The... 

The pH of the oceans forming the primordial soup is important in controlling the charged nature, or otherwise, of the amino and carboxylic acid species and hence their chemistry. Generating reaction schemes for the prebiotic synthesis of molecules requiring basic conditions will not be relevant if the oceans are acidic. Consider dissolving CO2 into water, simply written as ... 

Steps of the C8-Cyclo-Ohgomer Generating Reaction Channel. 197... 

INFLUENCE OF ELECTRONIC AND STERIC FACTORS ON INDIVIDUAL ELEMENTARY STEPS OF THE C8-CYCL0-0LIG0MER GENERATING REACTION CHANNEL... 

The mechanism of the POCL reaction is a complex multistep process and it has proved to be difficult to elucidate. Side reactions as well as light-generating reactions are fast and overlapping in time, and many of the intermediates are unstable. Because of this complexity, the complete reaction mechanism has still not been fully resolved, despite numerous investigations since its discovery. 

The pH optimum of HRP is around pH 5. Therefore, this would be the pH of choice. Unfortunately this is not the optimal pH for the light-generating reaction (the general base-catalyzed reaction of acridinium ester with hydrogen peroxide). An acridan ester like GZ-11 with a leaving group of low pKa (perfluoro-ferf-butanol has a pKa below 6) is clearly advantageous. 

A reaction is exothermic if heat (energy) is generated. Reactions in which large quantities of heat or gas are released are potentially hazardous, particularly during fast decomposition and/or complete oxidations. 

Mathematically, the number of covalent bonds formed per generation (reaction step) in an ideal dendron or dendrimer synthesis varies according to a power... 

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