Reacting laminae models

III.3 The Reacting laminae models, are attempting to include more physics into modelling assumptions. The idea has been proposed a long time ago by Kao and Torr, in 1970 [18] and has been used under several forms, as can be seen in the review of J. Villermaux [19]. It has became very popular, more recently, and is often called "Flamelets approach"in the field of combustion. 

Other Lagrangian models have been proposed, in which the lagrangian equation is intended to represent fluid elements bigger than a fluid particle, with an internal structure for example the "ESCIMO" model of D.B. Spalding [29], or the "three environment model" [30], are of this type. For each of these model, the physical picture necessarily neglects some physical phenomena... with this respect these models appear similar to the "reacting laminae" models. 

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