Operation safety, react

Quick react involves passing critical information— changes to processes or equipmentthat affect operational safety, [or] environmental protection, or have the possibility to cause substantial equipment damage quickly to the other affected parties. The site project manager or the chief of the operations division is responsible for and empowered to designate a lesson as critical. The time frame for a quick react is 24 hours. The quick react process consists of the following ... 

Chemical sterilization has been used as a reliable method, but it presents its own set of challenges. The major concerns are (1) the possibility that the sterilant will react with the polymer material being sterilized (2) the toxic effect of residual chemicals left on the product and (3) operator safety associated with the exposure to a sterilant. 

The challenge from a governance perspective is to ensure that the operational safety case has identified the correct safety indicators and that these are being monitored sufficiently. Such identification is unlikely to be straightforward at the point of introduction of the equipment (or in this case infrastructure). The governance controls must therefore be sufficiently flexible to support the transition into operation and react as necessary to the indicator data. 

Training of operators to react in case of failures in safety systems... 

Detection of Bromine Vapor. Bromine vapor in air can be monitored by using an oxidant monitor instmment that sounds an alarm when a certain level is reached. An oxidant monitor operates on an amperometric principle. The bromine oxidizes potassium iodide in solution, producing an electrical output by depolarizing one sensor electrode. Detector tubes, usefiil for determining the level of respiratory protection required, contain (9-toluidine that produces a yellow-orange stain when reacted with bromine. These tubes and sample pumps are available through safety supply companies (54). The usefiil concentration range is 0.2—30 ppm. 

Humans require time to react to process alarms and control requirements. Reaction time must always be considered early in the plant design. It is inherently safer to decide early in process design what administrative controls the operator will be assigned to activate for safety control. Requiring periodic operator interface to the process system relieves boredom and heightens interest in knowing the current condition of the process. See Sections 6.4 and 6.5. 

NFPA developed Standard 704 as a tool for identification and evaluation of potential hazards during emergency response, not for application to chemical process safety. The instability rating is a part of this standard. It was not intended to be used to measure reactivity, but rather to measure the inherent instability of a pure substance or product under conditions expected for product storage. The instability rating does not measure the tendency of a substance or compound to react with other substances or any other process-specific factors, such as operating temperature, pressure, quantity handled, chemical concentration, impurities with catalytic effects, and compatibility with other chemicals onsite. 

Caution. Proper safety precautions are advised during all operations in the heating of both cerium and hydrogen. In the event of a leak, the sudden inflow of air reacting with hot cerium and hydrogen could lead to an explosion. Consequently, safety shields should be installed in the vicinity of the furnace and glass portions of the system. 

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