Rapeseed/canola, development

As shown in Table 34.8, the oil content of row crop oilseeds varies from about 19 percent for soybean to 43 percent for sunflowerseed, and 41 to 45 percent for rapeseed/canola. More feed coproducts always are produced than oils, with a ratio 4 1 in the case of soybean. Soybean meal is the major feed protein source for production of poultry, currently the leading domestic and global meat source, and in the rapidly developing aquaculture industries. 

Hundreds of additional B. napus and B. rapa double-low rapeseed (canola) cultivars have been developed and released in Canada since the 1970s. These new double-low rapeseed (canola) cultivars have incremental improvements in agronomic performance or seed quality. 

Two additional low-linolenic acid double-low rapeseed (canola) cultivars with incremental improvements in agronomic performance, Apollo (Scarth et al. 1995) and Allons (Scarth et al. 1997), were developed and released by the University of Manitoba. There was limited commercial production of these low-linolenic acid, double-low rapeseed (canola) cultivars in Canada. More recently, high-stability oil double-low rapeseed (canola) cultivars that have low linolenic acid concentrations (<3%) and high oleic acid concentrations (>70%) have been developed. These new high-oleic acid, low-linolenic acid, high-stability oil, double-low rapeseed (canola) cultivars have competitive seed yields and are commercially successful (Canola Council of Canada 2008). 

New Traits and New Cultivar Types in Rapeseed and Double-Low Rapeseed (Canola) Cultivar Development... 

Novel herbicide tolerance to a number of broad-spectrum herbicides, including bro-moxynil, glyphosate, glufosinate ammonium, imidolozinones, and triazines, has been added to new rapeseed and double-low rapeseed (canola) cultivars developed and released in Canada in recent years (McVetty and Zelmer 2007). These herbicide... 

Rapeseed and double-low rapeseed (canola) cultivars in Canada have traditionally been open-pollinated population cultivars in both B. nap us and B. rapa. More recently, hybrid 5. napus double-low rapeseed (canola) cultivars have been developed and released in Canada. Most of these hybrids are also herbicide tolerant. Nearly 50% of double-low rapeseed (canola) production in Canada in 2005 was of hybrid B. napus types (Brandt and Clayton 2005). This proportion increases annually. 

ELISA Systems Mustard Seed Protein Residue kit was released in June 2007. A polyclonal rabbit antiserum was raised and used to develop a quantitative sandwich ELISA that has been demonstrated to detect mustard seed protein from aU three species of mustard plants S. alba, B. nigra, and B. juncea [5]. The detection limit of the kit has been shown to be less than 0.5 ppm (mg/kg) of soluble mustard protein, which corresponds to mustard seed concentrations below 3.4ppm S. alba, below 4.9 ppm B. nigra, and below 5.5 ppm B. juncea. An example of a calibration curve is presented in Figure 23.1. Cross-reactivity studies were conducted on full-strength extracts from 50 plants and other common foods, and cross-reactivity was observed only with rapeseed (Canola), Brassica napus. This cross-reactivity was approximately 50%, but purified canola oil did not cross react. 

Interest in producing canola has been increasing in areas suitable for its production, i.e., in Alaska (Wooding et al., 1978) and in some of the Midwestern States. In Alaska, some canola is being grown in commercial quantities on recently developed land. In the Midwest, the estimated area in 1979 was 40,000 hectares (equivalent to about 36,000 tonnes of rapeseed). Canola was produced on "set aside" acreage and the seed was exported to Canada and japan (Clancy, 1979). Present information indicates that canola is not being crushed in the United States. 

Naczk M, Amarowicz R, Sullivan A, Shahidi F. 1998. Current research developments on poly-phenolics of rapeseed/canola A review. Food Chemistry, 62(4) 489-502. 

Tzeng, Y. M. 1987. Process development for the production of high-quality rapeseed (canola) protein isolates using membrane technology. Ph.D. Thesis. University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. 

Christensen P. 1983. Solvent Extraction Recent Developments. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 60(2) 214-215. Christian M. 2010. Rapeseed/Canola. Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry 64 409-422. 

Canola is a crop belonging to the mustard family, grown for its seed. The leading countries in rapeseed production are China, Canada, India and several countries in the EU. Commercial varieties of canola have been developed... 

However, the introduction of canola left unmet needs for erucic acid in industrial markets. High-erucic acid rapeseed then was imported from Northern Europe for extraction, followed by efforts to increase erucic acid contents in domestic industrial rapeseed as well as development of crambe (Crambe abyssinica) specifically for its erucic acid content. At the current state of development, equipment corrosion and poisoning of hydro-... 

Seedfats are characterized by low contents of saturated fatty acids. They contain palmitic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids. Sometimes unusual fatty acids may be present, such as erucic acid in rapeseed oil. Recent developments in plant breeding have made it possible to change the fatty acid composition of seed oils dramatically. Rapeseed oil in which the erucic acid has been replaced by oleic acid is known as canola oil. Low linolenic acid soybean oil can be obtained, as... 

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