Proteins Mustard

In the case of sulfur mustard, analysis of low molecular weight urinary metabolites suffers from the same drawback as in the case of anticholinesterases, i.e., these products are rapidly excreted and provide therefore limited retrospectivity. Similarly, the in vivo lifetime of DNA adducts of sulfur mustard are less than those of protein adducts due to repair of DNA damage. 

This paper will focus on methods that are based on the analysis of long-lived protein adducts, i.e., on methods 3 and 4 for nerve agents and on method 3 for mustards. 

Medical Management Immediate decontamination after exposure is the only way to prevent damage to victims, followed by symptomatic management of lesions. Hospital care tends to be supportive. It should be repeated that liquid arsenical vesicants produce more serious lesions on dermal surfaces than do liquid mustard. In toxic victims, liberal fluids by mouth or intravenous, and high-vitamin, high-protein, high-carbohydrate diets could be indicated. For those victims where shock is in evidence, provide the usual supportive measures such as intravenous administration, blood transfusions, or other vascular volume expanders should be indicated. 

S albumins are highly allergic, small molecule storage proteins present in many seeds, such as sesame, castor bean, sunflower, oriental and yellow mustard, as well as in Brazil nuts and walnuts (Pastorello et al., 2001). 

Cross-linkage. Bifunctional alkylating agents, such as the nitrogen mustards, may form covalent bonds with each of two adjacent guanine residues. Such interstrand cross-linkages will inhibit DNA replication and transcription. Intrastrand cross-links also may be produced between DNA and a nearby protein. 

The result of an alkylation gives way to the connection of a carbon chain of variable size with another molecular structure. In matter of corrosiveness, alkylation (particularly when happening on the proteins of ocular tissues) may cause severe bums. A historical example is given by a war gas such as yperite or mustard gas (Fig. 3.14). Other alkylating molecules are used in anticarcinogenic chemotherapies. 

Hawley, S. A., Boudeau, J., Reid, J. L., Mustard, K. J., Udd, L., Makela, T. P., Alessi, D. R. and Hardie, D. G., 2003, Complexes between the LKB1 tumor suppressor, STRAD alpha/beta and M025 alpha/beta are upstream kinases in the AMP-activated protein kinase cascade, J Biol, 2,... 

Newkirk et al. (1997) conducted a nutritional evaluation of low-glucosinolate mustard meals. Samples of brassica seed (four B. juncea, one B. napus and one B. rapa) were processed to produce oil-extracted meals, which were then fed to broiler chickens. Meals derived from B. juncea contained more CP and less TDF on a dry basis than B. napus or B. campestris, 459 versus 446 and 431 g/kg CP and 272.2 versus 294.7 and 296.7g/kg TDF, respectively. ADF and NDF levels for B. juncea and B. campestris meals were similar to each other, but lower than those of B. napus, 127.9 and 132.0 versus 206g/kg ADF, and 211.5 and 195.8 versus 294.7g/kg NDF, respectively. B. juncea meals contained more glucosinolates than B. napus and B. campestris, 34.3 versus 21.8 and 25.5pmol/g total glucosinolates, respectively. B. juncea meals were equal or superior to B. napus and B. campestris meals for AME and apparent ileal protein digestibility. 

Milk—or chemically modified milk proteins, lactates, caseinians Mustard (Brassica spp.), brown, mustard flour, extract, oil Papain (Carica papaya L.)... 

Other spices, too, for example, mustard, paprika, flour additives, and garlic (Dannaker and White 1987, Scholl and Jensen-Jarolim 2004) as well as many food products, such as milk proteins (casein), whey proteins (a-lactalbumin, P-lactoglobulin), and wheat proteins, which are not always obvious food ingredients (hidden ingredients) (Lopata and Potter 2000, Chapters 6 and 13), may cause adverse reactions. 

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