Canola development

The authors acknowledge financial snpports from Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), the Agricultural Biorefinery Innovation Network (ABIN), Canada Research Chair program (CRC), the Saskatchewan Canola Development Commission (SCDC), the Saskatchewan Mnstard Development Commission (SMDC) and Mustard 21. 

Glick BR, C Liu, S Ghosh, EB Dumbroff (1997) Early development of canola seedlings in the presence of the plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Pseudomonas putida GR12-2. Soil Biol Biochem 29 1233-1239. 

Canola is a crop belonging to the mustard family, grown for its seed. The leading countries in rapeseed production are China, Canada, India and several countries in the EU. Commercial varieties of canola have been developed... 

In this line, successful examples of transcriptome analysis are based on recently developed microarray chips covering the genome of important crop species such as watermelon, citrus, melon, canola, etc (51,52). 

Several other procedures have been developed to protect unsaturated fatty acids from ruminal biohydrogenation. Of these, only the amide derivative has extensive research documentation (Jenkins, 1998, 1999), but has not been applied commercially. Often, calcium soaps of palm oil or canola fatty acids are referred to as protected. These are not protected from ruminal biohydrogenation (Table 2.2), but rather are ruminally inert with regard to their effects on the rumen microbial population. 

The adequacy of the predicted model here was examined by additional independent experiments at the suggested optimum synthesis conditions. The predicted value was 99.4% molar conversion and the actual experimental value was 97.9%. A chi-square test (p-value = 0.96, degrees of freedom = 5) indicated that observed values were significantly the same as the predicted values and the generated model adequately predicted the percent molar conversion (Ott, 1988). Thus, the optimization of lipase-catalyzed synthesis for biodiesel (canola oil methyl ester) by Novozym 435 was successfully developed by CCRD and RSM. 

As shown in Table 34.8, the oil content of row crop oilseeds varies from about 19 percent for soybean to 43 percent for sunflowerseed, and 41 to 45 percent for rapeseed/canola. More feed coproducts always are produced than oils, with a ratio 4 1 in the case of soybean. Soybean meal is the major feed protein source for production of poultry, currently the leading domestic and global meat source, and in the rapidly developing aquaculture industries. 

However, the introduction of canola left unmet needs for erucic acid in industrial markets. High-erucic acid rapeseed then was imported from Northern Europe for extraction, followed by efforts to increase erucic acid contents in domestic industrial rapeseed as well as development of crambe (Crambe abyssinica) specifically for its erucic acid content. At the current state of development, equipment corrosion and poisoning of hydro-... 

Since TP, SU and IM are slow to bring about plant death, there are significant opportunities to exploit metabolism of the herbicide to influence crop tolerance. Metabolism has indeed been the overriding parameter determining crop selectivity (5c.16.17). ALS inhibiting herbicides in development and/or full commercialization are known to have selectivities to all the major crops including corn, soybeans, wheat, barley, rice, cotton and canola. 

Seedfats are characterized by low contents of saturated fatty acids. They contain palmitic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids. Sometimes unusual fatty acids may be present, such as erucic acid in rapeseed oil. Recent developments in plant breeding have made it possible to change the fatty acid composition of seed oils dramatically. Rapeseed oil in which the erucic acid has been replaced by oleic acid is known as canola oil. Low linolenic acid soybean oil can be obtained, as... 

The Oleic Linoleic Acid Group This is the most common type of vegetable oil and includes peanut or groundnut (38% oleic and 41% linoleic acid), safflower (14% and 75%), sesame (38% and 45%), and sunflower (20% and 69%). The sum of these two acids is generally 80-90% so there can only be low levels of saturated or other acids. At the present time, there is a demand for high oleic oils, so variants of these oils enriched in oleic acid have been developed (Section 4.2.4). Cottonseed (18% and 51%) differs from the others cited here in its higher level of palmitic acid. Low-erucic rape/canola (56% and 26%) and soybean oil (22%... 

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