Domestic industries

Freshwater is withdrawn from various sources (rivers, lakes, groundwater, etc) and used many times before its discharge to the ocean. Water uses can generally be classified as follows pubHc water supply (domestic) industrial commercial and institutional, eg, restaurants, schools agricultural and hve stock. 

The general assessment indicates that the pharmaceutical industry experiences problems with transparency of dmg registration in two out of the 10 countries— Cypms and Uganda. The main problems cited involve communication between the DRA and the industry regarding clarity of procedures and adequacy of official explanations for the rejection of an application. In Cypms, the Dmg Council also raised issues concerning the fairness of treatment of foreign versus domestic industry, and the arbitration of contradictory quality analysis results provided by different laboratories, both belonging to the Dmg Council. 

With consideration to the domestic industrial practitioner, the following illustrative examples utilize conventionally recognizable units as viscosity in centipoise, density in lbs/ft3, velocity in ft/sec, vessel dimensions in inches, and particle diameter in microns. 

As a consequence of human activities, large quantities of inorganic pollutants coming from different sources (e.g., domestic, industrial, etc.) are released into the Ebro River, where a fraction of them can be accumulated in sediments. In this... 

Natural gas and petroleum pipelines play a crucial role in Russia s economy, both in distributing fuel to domestic industrial consumers and in supporting exports to Europe and countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States (former USSR). Their complex network connects production regions with virtually all of Russia s centers of population and industry. Pipelines are especially important because of the long distances between Siberian oil and gas fields and Russia s European industrial centers as well as countries to the west. 

Effluent any contaminating substance, usually a liquid that enters the environment via a domestic industrial, agricultural, or sewage plant outlet. 

Charles Martin Hall, 1863-1914. American chemist, inventor, metallurgist, and philanthropist who developed a highly successful electrolytic process for manufacturing aluminum. This cheap method of obtaining the metal from its ores made possible the present widespread use of aluminum for domestic, industrial, and transportation purposes. 

These products, called by-products of coal, include coal gas, coal oil, coal tar, coal tar pitch, coal tar resins and coke Coal gas is obtd by destructive distillation of bituminous coal heated to high temps in fire-clay or silica retorts, or in special by-product ovens. The gas is used in domestic industrial heating lighting and as a source of coal-tar, ammonia, benzene, toluene, xyline and related items (Refs 1,2,8,10 11)... 

The need for greater water supplies is evident however, in addition to the requirement for developing a method for conversion, a paramount factor is that it be done inexpensively to allow usage for domestic, industrial, and possibly agricultural needs. 

The FMC In-Line Extractor is widely used in the domestic industry, most particularly in Florida, because it can effect simultaneous recovery of both juice and oil. A five-headed extractor can process from 325 to 500 fruit/minute. The extractor consists of a bottom cup, into which the fruit is fed, and an upper cup that meshes with the bottom as circular plugs are cut from the top and bottom of the fruit. The fruit in the bottom cup is compressed as the upper cup descends and juice and other fruit components are forced through the bottom plug into a strainer tube. The contents of the strainer tube, rag, seeds, and cell sacs, are squeezed between the top and bottom plugs resulting in almost complete extraction of juice and, in essence, a first-finishing operation since the plug (seeds, pulp, and peel) is separated from the juice. As the fruit is squeezed in the cup, peel oil expressed from the flavedo and small pieces of peel are washed into a conveyer by a water spray that surrounds the extractor cup. The valuable oil is recovered from the oil/water slurry. 

The purpose of pasteurization, as it is practiced in the domestic industry today, is to destroy spoilage organisms, inactivate enzymes, or both. Heating to temperatures of only 150°F (65.6°C) will destroy most spoilage organisms but some heat resistant molds may require pasteurization temperatures as high as 210°F (98.9°C) for control. 

Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy (MCIE), 1999. Effect on domestic industry of and response strategy on Convention against Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs). Research Report (in Korean). Seoul. Korea. 

In order to combine the capability of these commercial producers and the capability of the certification of NMI, CENAM has launched a program called Certified Traceable Reference Materials, MRTC in Spanish. This is a similar initiative to NTRM of NIST. It is intended primarily to promote the capability of domestic industries to produce and certify CRMs in those fields where there exist enormous demand and absolute lack. This program is under development in the field of gas standards for vehicular emissions, Fig. 3, and pH measurements with domestic industries. 

However, the introduction of canola left unmet needs for erucic acid in industrial markets. High-erucic acid rapeseed then was imported from Northern Europe for extraction, followed by efforts to increase erucic acid contents in domestic industrial rapeseed as well as development of crambe (Crambe abyssinica) specifically for its erucic acid content. At the current state of development, equipment corrosion and poisoning of hydro-... 

Active Oxygen Method for Fat Stability (AOM) (Cd 12-57) determines the time (in hours) for a sample of fat or oil to attain a predetermined peroxide value (PV) under the conditions of the test. The method is used to estimate the comparative oxidative stability of fats and oils. The method has been placed in surplus, in favor of Cd 12b-92 (Oil Stability Index), but retains official status and is still used in domestic industry. p-Anisidine Value (AV) (Cd 18-90) determines the amount of aldehydes (principally 2-alkenals and 2,4-dienals) in animal and vegetable fats and oils. These are degradation products of peroxides, which are not removed by bleaching. Some fats and oils chemists propose increased use of this method in purchase specifications. Bleaching Test for Soybean Oil (Cc 8e-s63) determines the color of a sample of soybean oil after treatment with a specified bleaching earth. Specific methods exist for other oil species. 

Melting Point-Mettler Dropping Point (Cc 18-80) determines the temperature at which a sample becomes sufficiently fluid to flow in a specified apparatus the major melting point determination method used by domestic industry. 

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