Mustard Family

Mustard oils, such as allylisothiocyanate, are products of the hydrolysis of mustard oil glycosides (78). Mustard oils are produced by all organs of plants belonging to the Cruciferae (mustard family) (75), and are strong inhibitors of seed germination and microbial growth. 

The mustard family is primarily of the cool areas of the northern hemisphere and is important for the number of food crops it yields ... 

Canola is a crop belonging to the mustard family, grown for its seed. The leading countries in rapeseed production are China, Canada, India and several countries in the EU. Commercial varieties of canola have been developed... 

The mustard family (Brassicaceae) PIPs are 7 kDa proteins with 8 cysteines in highly conserved positions that form 4 disulphide linkages in a particular pattern of connectivity. The mustard PIPs are variously potent inhibitors of serine proteases such as trypsin, chymotrypsin, thrombin, plasmin and blood clotting factors Xa and Xlla [515, 520] (Table 15). 

Rapeseed/Canola belongs to the turnip rutabaga, cabbage, Brussels sprouts, and mustard family of crops that can be grown at low temperatures and moderate humidity. Three species have been grown as oilseeds Brassica napus, known in Europe as rape, oil rape, Swede rape, and Argentine rape B. campestris, known as rapeseed, oil turnip, turnip rape, and Polish rape and B. juncea, known as leaf mustard, brown mustard, Oriental mustard, and Indian mustard. B. campestris was grown in India as early as 2000-1500 BC. 

Arabidopsis A small plant in the mustard family that is the model for studies of the plant... 

The mustard family, or Brassicaceae, contains about 3,000 species of plants. These plants occur widely on all continents except Antarctica and in a wide range of habitats from tundra and desert to forests of all types. Most species in the mustard family occur in the temperate zones, and many occur in the alpine or arctic tundra. 

A few species of the mustard family are of major economic importance. These include the many varieties of the cabbage as well as rapeseed (or canola), radish, mustard, and others. Other species in this family are used in horticulture, and a few are considered important weeds. 

A few species of the mustard family are considered important weeds. Agricultural weeds include various... 

Mycorrhizae are a common type of mutualism about 90% of the families of vascular plants live in this sort of beneficial relationship with fungi. Only a few economically important plant families do not develop mycorrhizae, among them the mustards (family Brassi-caceae) and knotweeds (Polygonaceae). 

In further work. Dr. Wattenberg found that phenethyl isothiocyanate and benzyl isothiocyanate added to the feed of mice inhibited chemically induced intestinal and mammary cancers. The cruciferous vegetables cabbage, brussels sprouts, cauliflower, kale, and turnips (of the mustard family, or family Cruciferae, or family Brassi-caceae) contain phenethyl isothiocyanate. Watercress, another example, contains benzyl isothiocyanate. 

Once again, separate pathways occur in plastids and ER, although, as should be evident from the discussion above, fatty acids from the ER may make their way back to the plastids. Clarification of the number of desaturases involved in plant lipid metabolism and isolation of their genes has been greatly assisted by the isolation of a large number of mutants in A. thaliana, a small weed of the mustard family used as a model organism by... 

Canola or rapeseed (Brassica napus or B. campestris) is a bright yellow-flowering member of the Brassicaceae (also known as the mustard) family. It is cultivated for the production of animal feed, vegetable oil for human consumption, and biodiesel. Worldwide, canola was the third leading source of vegetable oil in 2000, after soy and palm oils. Canola is also the world s second leading source of protein meal. ... 

Melphalan is a chemotherapy drug used in the treatment of multiple myeloma and ovarian cancer. Melphalan is an alkylating agent belonging to the nitrogen mustard family. Draw a likely mechanism for the alkylation process that occurs when a nucleophile reacts with melphalan ... 

Prominent examples for model systems of natural product classes that were analyzed on pro-teome and metabolome levels are from the Fabaceae (legume family) and the Brassicaceae (mustard family). These are outlined below, together with examples for studies in trees. 

Oil crops should be able to produce erucamide so High Eracic Acid Rape (HEAR) varieties and Crambe are the two that are most common. HEAR is grown the same as conventional double-low rape (see Chapter 14) and Crambe is similar to spring oilseed rape in its requirements. Crambe Crambe abyssinica) is a member of the mustard family. The oil contains about 58% emcic acid and the seed coat is high in glucosinolates so must be removed before the meal is suitable for animal feed, and can then be used as a fibre source for low grade paper production. 

Proteins from seeds of the mustard family (Brassicaceae), such as turnip, rapeseed or brown or black mustard, contain glucosinolates which can be enzymatically decomposed into pungent mustard oils (esters of isothiocyanic acid, R—N=C=S). The oils are usually isolated by steam distillation. The reactions of thiogly-cosidase and a few glucosinolates occurring in Brassicaceae are covered in section 17.1.2.6.5. 

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