Rabies

The domestic dog is the major vector for rabies throughout the world (de Mattos et al., 2001). Wild reservoirs for the virus can be found in foxes, raccoons, coyotes, jackals. 

The treatment of choice for West Nile virus infection consists mainly of the use of 

The most well known disease associated with cyto-megaloviius infection is 

Which of the following best desciibes the mechanism of action of acyclovir  

Intravenous administration of acyclovir is most likely to cause 

Herpes simplex virus-2 infection occurs predominantly in 

Though not directly linked with cancer, either as cause or cure, the deadly rabies virus merits special consideration, especially as it may involve the immune response. And there may or may not be herbal remedies. In brief review, the following information is restated. 

As previously mentioned, in an article in the August 1961 issue of Arizona Highways, Dr. Joseph G. Lee described the use of rue against rabies by the Papago Indians. Dr. Lee in turn speaks of a rapport between the Indian medicine man and 

Alma R. Hutchens Indian Herbalogy of North America cites herbs that, according to medical folklore, are said to act against hydrophobia or rabies, some of which are in common with Heinerman s listing. In addition to rue, there is mention of balsam fir, beech tree, echinacea, henbane, Jimsonweed, rue, skullcap, St. John s wort, and tansy. Jimsonweed and henbane contain the alkaloid hyoscyamine, as do some other members of the family Solanaceae, or nightshade family. The family Solanaceae, incidentally, is well represented in HartweU (1982b). 

The rabies virus and its disease remain an enigma, with occasional flare-ups, and large-scale conttols are sometimes successful, such as the spread of vaccine-injected 

In Moss (1992), the subject of interference between viruses is studied. He notes that a harmless virus can be used to negate the effects of a lethal virus. In experiments on mice infected with a rabies strain, the death rate could be reduced from 50% to 15% by injecting a harmless avian encephalitis virus (Moss, 1992, p. 441). 

His first successes with attenuated vaccines were with the anthrax bacillus, but it was his later work with rabies that revealed the enormous possibilities of attenuated vaccines. The word rabies is derived from the Latin rabere - to rave, and the causative virus is usually passed to humans by the bite of a rabid dog or a wild canine (fox, wolf, etc.), and very occasionally by a bat. Certainly, wild canines are the natural reservoirs of the virus. The incubation period is typically 20 to 90 days, and after this, someone unlucky enough to be bitten by a rabid animal will suffer a period of malaise, mild fever and headache for a few days, followed by a period of excitement, when the patient cannot sleep and becomes apprehensive and easily alarmed. There is intermittent fever and some localised paralysis, especially of the neck and throat muscles, which makes swallowing problematic and is probably responsible for the fear of water (hydrophobia). More severe paralysis follows and this leads inexorably to cardiovascular collapse, coma and death, all within about one week of the appearance of the first symptoms. 

Pasteur was understandably reticent about a human trial, but in July 1885, he was forced into taking this crucial step. An eight-year-old boy, Joseph Meister, with multiple bites inflicted by a rabid dog, was injected with dried spinal cord tissue. He received 12 successive injections of increasing potency and did not develop rabies or display any of its symptoms. Other successes followed and within 15 months, almost 2500 people had received the vaccine. 

These days, the vaccine is produced using cultures of human cells in which the virus is grown and then attenuated, by heat treatment or with chemicals. Although there is little need for the vaccine in Europe, rabies is still a major problem in Russia, Africa, China, Japan, and the USA. In India, the disease 

Like Jenner before him, Pasteur made a major if somewhat serendipitous contribution to modem immunology. His written comments in 1885 were highly prescient  

I am inclined to believe that the causative vims of rabies may be accompanied by a substance which can impregnate the nervous system and render it thereby unsuitable for the growth of the vims. Hence rabies immunity. 

---

The population in the upper state as a flinction of time is shown in figure A1.6.2. There are several important things to note. At early times, resonant and non-resonant excitation produce the same population in the upper state because, for short times, the population in the upper state is independent of the Rabi frequency ... 

In the Rabi solution of the previous section we considered a wavefiinction i(t) of the fonn... 

In equations (Cl. 4.4) and (Cl. 4.5) Acoj = cu - coj is the detuning of the optical field from the atomic transition frequency Q is the natural width of the atomic transition and m is tenned the Rabi frequency and reflects the... 

In equation (Cl.4.14) the saturation parameter essentially defines a criterion to compare the time required for stimulated and spontaneous processes. If I then spontaneous coupling of the atom to the vacuum modes of the field is fast compared to the stimulated Rabi coupling and the field is considered weak. If s" 1 then the Rabi oscillation is fast compared to spontaneous emission and the field is said to be strong. Setting s equal to unity defines the saturation condition... 

Figure C 1.5.10. Nonnalized fluorescence intensity correlation function for a single terrylene molecule in p-terjDhenyl at 2 K. The solid line is tire tlieoretical curve. Regions of deviation from tire long-time value of unity due to photon antibunching (the finite lifetime of tire excited singlet state), Rabi oscillations (absorjDtion-stimulated emission cycles driven by tire laser field) and photon bunching (dark periods caused by intersystem crossing to tire triplet state) are indicated. Reproduced witli pennission from Plakhotnik et al [66], adapted from [118].

Brunei C, Lounis B, Tamarat P and Orrit M 1998 Rabi resonances of a single molecule driven by rf and laser fields Phys. Rev. Lett. 81 2679-82... 

Fowles, G.R., C. Leung, R. Rabie, and J. Shaner (1979), Acceleration of Flat Plates by Multiple Staging, in High Pressure Science and Technology (edited by K.D. Timmerhause and M.S. Barber), Plenum, New York, pp. 911-919. 

G. Luttwak and R.L. Rabie, The Multimaterial Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian Code MMALE and its Application to Some Problems of Penetration and Impact, LA-UR-2311, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 1985. 

Fire in cable spreading rxx Kin (outside xintainmcrur could affect all v- item rabies >,0E-4 5-4 X ... 

Small versions of downdraft tables (less than approximately 0.5 m-) are used when small-sized chemical work is to be done on rabies instead of in laboratory-fume hoods (see Fig. 10.37). This includes work with low-momentum source (no initial velocity and near room temperature) such as laboratory animal experiments. 

I. I. Rabi (Columbia, New York) resonance method for recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei. 

Kohl-palme,/. cabbage palm, -palmol, n. cabbage-palm oil. -rabi, m. kohlrabi, turnip cabbage, -rapa, m. rape, rapeseed. -riibe, /. rutabaga, -saat, /. colza, rapeseed. -saatol,... 

ToUwut, /. rabies, hydrophobia, -gift, n. rabies virus. 

In 1971, Hiatt et al. found that polyethylene oxide (PEO) of molecular weight about 100000 prevented the adsorption of rabies virus to porous glass with an average pore diameter of 1250 A. The support was modified by passage of one void volume of 0.4% solution of the polymer in water, followed by 5 or more volumes of distilled water or buffered salt solution. The virus was effectively purified from the admixtures of brain tissue fluid by means of size-exclusion chromatography on the modified glass column [28]. 

Imovax Rabies I.D. Vaccine (human diploid cell), Imovax Rabies Vaccine (human diploid cell), Rab Avert,... 

Pre-exposure immunization of people with greater than usual risk of exposure to rabies virus by reason of occupation (eg, veterinarians laboratory... 

Pre-exposure prophylaxis on days 0, 7, 21 to 28 and then q2-5 years based on antibody titers 1 mL IM (Imovax Rabies Vaccine or Rabies Vaccine Adsorbed) or (continued)... 

Toxoids Rabies Vaccine Adsorbed 1 month in countries where rabies is a constant threat) post-exposure prophylaxis bite by a carrier animal that is unprovoked and rabies is present in the area 0.1 mL I.D. (Imovax Rabies I.D.) Fbstexposure Do not give intraderm ally, only IM, 20 lU/kg as soon as possible after exposure, followed by IM vaccine doses on days 0, 3, 7, 14 and 28... 

Influenzavirus Rabies Virus Measies Virus Respiratory Synctiai Virus ... 

Mery J., Brugidou Rabie A. A peptide nucleic acid (PNA) is more rapidly internalized in cultured neurons when coupled to a retro-inverso delivery peptide. The antisense activity depresses the target mRNA and protein in magnocellu-lar oxytocin neurons. Nucleic Acids Res. 

---