Encephalitis Virus

Between 1964 and 1968, there were 4,478 confirmed cases of SLE, which is considered as a major epidemic (Burke and Monath, 2001, Chamberhn, 1980). Major outbreaks of SLE seem to occur only once in approximately 10 years. During non-epidemic years, less than 50 cases occur in the United States. There is no specific treatment for SLE. Good supportive care is essential, in particular because of high fevers and convulsions caused by the virus. 

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EAE experimental autoimmune encephalomyehtis, MHVmmmt hepatitis virus, LCMVlymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, MS multiple sclerosis, IWWWest Nile virus, TBEVtick-borne encephalitis virus... 

Okamoto S, Yoshii H, Ishikawa T et al (2008) Single dose of inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine with poly(y-glutamic acid) nanoparticles provides effective protection from Japanese encephalitis virus. Vaccine 26 589-594... 

Kojic acid is not, so far as is yet known, active against viruses. It was tested, with negative results, against one strain of poliomyelitis virus and one strain of St. Louis encephalitis virus in mice,128 and also against sixty races of bacteriophage.124... 

Material Safety Data Sheet-Infectious Substances Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus, Western Equine... 

Antibodies raised against venom of various spiders Specificity against toxin of Clostridium tetani Specificity against toxin of C. tetani Antibodies against tick-borne encephalitis virus Specificity for causative agent of chicken pox... 

Since this virus has successfully been eradicated from the U.S., any appearance of the virus would likely be sign of a terrorist event. Almost 100% of those exposed to the virus will develop an influenza-like illness. Most encephalitis viruses are destroyed by heat and are easily killed by ordinary disinfectants. 

Monath TP, Borden EC. 1971. Effects of Thorotrast on humoral antibody viral multiplication and interferon during infection with St. Louis encephalitis virus in mice. J Infect Dis 123 297-300. 

Tick-borne encephalitis immunoglobulin Human Antibodies against tick-borne encephalitis virus... 

Japanese encephalitis vaccine Inactivated Japanese encephalitis virus Active immunization against viral agents causing Japanese encephalitis... 

Another immunofiltration-based investigation was reported by Hu et al. [64] for the detection of the Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEE). Further specifications and a more detailed flow-chamber system are described in Ref. [65], where different kinds of mammalian, human and tumour cells (human keratinocytes, B82, MESS-SA and DX5, respectively) have been applied to demonstrate irritancy determination, detection of receptor-mediated triggering of cells and chemotherapeutic efficacy testing. Owicki et al. reported the study of cellular responses of different cells (keratinocytes, CHO and B82 with different expressions) to hormones and neurotransmitters with the same principle as above [66,67]. The determination of a small quantity of enzyme (urease) was... 

Chinese hamster ovary. bHuman chorionic gonadotropin. Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus. dEpidermal growth factor. Transforming growth factor a. 

W.-G. Hu, H.G. Thompson, A.Z. Alvi, L.P. Nagata, M.R. Suresh and R.E. Fulton, Development of immunofiltration assay by light addressable potentiometric sensor with genetically biotinylated recombinant antibody for rapid identification of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, J. Immunol. Methods, 289(1-2) (2004) 27-35. 

Vegetables e280 Vegetative bacteria 107 Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEE) 103 Vesamicol 62, 67 Vick Pyrena el60 Viral particles 803 Viscoelasticity 815 Vitamins 656 Vitellogenin 515... 

An antigen of the forest-spring encephalitis virus is immobilized using rabbit-purified immunoglobulins [1] ... 

Incubate sensors at (+37 + 0.1)°C for 30 min in a solution containing the forest-spring encephalitis virus-directed antibodies ... 

Figure 38.3 shows silver oxidation voltammograms, obtained by using the sensor incubated in solutions containing or free of the forestspring encephalitis virus-directed antibodies. 

Bennett, A.M.,Phillpotts, R.J., Perkins, S.D., Jacobs, S.C. and Williamson, E.D. (1999) Gene gun mediated vaccination is superior to manual delivery for immunization with DNA vaccines expressing protective antigens from Yersinia pestis or Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis virus. Vaccine, 18, 588-596. 

Flavivirus is a genus of the family Flaviviridae composed of nearly 70 arthropod-borne viruses that cause important human diseases, such as yellow fever virus (YFV), DENV, West Nile virus (WNV), and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). They cause a variety of diseases including fever, encephalitis, and hemorrhagic fever. In particular, DENV has reemerged in recent years as an increasingly important public health threat affecting more than 100 countries worldwide, with nearly 50 million infections each year and over 2.5 billion people at risk [81]. 

Flaviviruses are included among the enveloped viruses recently reported as dependent on cell surface HS to efficiently initiate cell infection. An involvement of HS during attachment and entry through its binding to the virion envelope glycoprotein E was initially demonstrated for DENV [82] and then extended to YFV [83], tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) [84], and Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVEV) [85], as well as to hepatitis C virus (HCV), a member of the Hepacivirus genus of Flaviviridae [86]. 

Kaur, R., Rauthan, M., and Vrati, S. (2004), Immunogenicity in mice of a cationic microparticle-adsorbed plasmid DNA encoding Japanese encephalitis virus envelope protein, Vaccine, 22, 2776-2782. 

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