Rabies virus replication

Viruses replicate only in living cells so the first viral vaccines were necessarily made in animals smallpox vaccine in the dermis of calves and sheep and rabies vaccines in the spinal cords of rabbits and the brains of mice. Such methods are no longer used in advanced vaccine production and the only intact animal hosts that are used are embryonated hens eggs. Almost all of the vims that is needed for viral vaccine production is obtained from cell cultures infected with vims of the appropriate strain. 

As noted previously, enveloped animal viruses are surrounded by an outer phospholipid layer derived from the plasma membrane of host cells and containing abundant viral glycoproteins. The processes of adsorption and release of enveloped viruses differ substantially from these processes In nonenveloped viruses. To Illustrate lytic replication of enveloped viruses, we consider the rabies virus, whose nu-cleocapsld consists of a single-stranded RNA genome surrounded by multiple copies of nucleocapsld protein. Like... 

M FIGURE 4-41 Lytic replication cycle of rabies virus, an enveloped virus with a single-stranded RNA genome. The... 

A EXPERIMENTAL FIGURE 4-42 Progeny virions of enveloped viruses are released by budding from infected cells. In this transmission electron micrograph of a cell infected with measles virus, virion buds are clearly visible protruding from the cell surface. Measles virus is an enveloped RNA virus with a helical nucleocapsld, like rabies virus, and replicates as illustrated in Figure 4-41. [From A. Levine, 1991, Viruses, Scientific American Library, p. 22.]... 

Actinomycin D is a peptide antibiotic, produced by Streptomyces parvulu. It interacts with cellular DNA and inhibits the replication of mammalian viruses that depend on cellular functions, e.g., rabies virus [18]. Mithramycin is a related compound that inhibits influenza and pseudorabies viruses probably due to inhibition of host cell RNA polymerase II [18]. 

Lahaye X, Vidy A, Pomier C, et al. Fimctional characterization of Negri bodies (NBs) in rabies virus-infected cells Evidence that NBs are sites of viral transcription and replication. / Virol. 2009 83(16) 7948-7958. 

Iwasaki Y, Liu DS, Yamamoto T, Konno H. On the replication and spread of rabies virus in the human central nervous system. / Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1985 44(2) 185-195. 

Viruses are parasitic nucleoprotein complexes. They often consist of only a single nucleic acid molecule (DNA or RNA, never both) and a protein coat. Viruses have no metabolism of their own, and can therefore only replicate themselves with the help of host cells. They are therefore not regarded as independent organisms. Viruses that damage the host cell when they replicate are pathogens. Diseases caused by viruses include AIDS, rabies, poliomyelitis, measles, German measles, smallpox, influenza, and the common cold. 

This is a Syrian hamster cell line derived from the kidneys of 1-day-old hamsters. The cells have a fibroblast-like morphology and are used for viral replication studies, including poliovirus, rabies (Pay et al, 1985), rubella, foot and mouth disease virus (Radlett et al, 1985), VSV, HSV, adenovirus (Ad) 25 and arbovirus. Successful cultivation at scales up to 80001 has been achieved with maximum cell density attained by minimum air sparging sufficient to satisfy the oxygen demand of the cells. 

Lyssavirus (rabies and rabieslike viruses). [Unnamed] (proposed, for bovine ephemeral feverlike viruses). Enveloped, hehcal, negative-sense, and ssRNA. Synthesis occurs in the host cell nucleus maturation occurs via budding from the host cell plasma membrane. Many replicate in arthropods. 

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