Nightshade family

The Nightshade family of plants includes three important hallucinogens Atropa belladonna (belladonna), Hyoscyamus niger (henbane), and Mandragora... 

Other plants of the nightshade family, including Atropa belladonna (deadly nightshade), Hyoscyamus niger (black henbane), and Datura stramonium (Jimson weed), contain atropine-like toxins that are anticholinergic, blocking the muscarinic receptors. An incidence in southern Utah of cattle poisoned on black henbane, with many death losses, was recently reported (Pfister, 2003). Atropine and atropine-like alkaloids are discussed Section 2.2.1.7. 

Susceptible plants Nightshade-family plants, including tomatoes and potatoes. 

Solanine is a poisonous steroidal alkaloid, also known as glycoafkaloid, found in the nightshades family (Solanaceae). It is extremely toxic even in small quantities. Solanine has both fungicidal and pesticidal properties, and it is one of the plant s natural defences. 

FIGURE 14.3 The henbane (Hyoscyamus niger Linne), a member of the nightshade family, whose leaves, with or without the tops, constitute the official drug Hyoscyamus and are a source of the valuable medicinal alkaloids hyoscyamine and scopolamine. 

The nightshade family of plants includes some very popular foods tomatoes sweet and hot peppers, eggplants, and potatoes It also includes tobacco and some poisonous plants that are infamous because of their associations with crime, witchcraft, and black magic. Even dieir names are sinister, henbane, mandrake, and deadly nightshade, for example. Nightshades look scary, too. They are rank, hairy plants with strange smells and peculiar flower some have dangerous fruit... 

Tliere are a number of good hooks on plants of the nightshade family and the strange effects they produce. Charles B, Heiser s... 

Other species in the nightshade family ate grown as garden ornamentals. Well-known night ade flowers include Browallia and Petunia, and the Chinese lantern is often found as an outdoor garden plant and sometimes as a potted house plant. 

Nicotine.—This is a volatile alkaloid having the formula of C10H14N2 which is found in the Nicotiana genus of the Nightshade family. Sections of tobacco leaves or stems mounted in dilute Lugol s solution will show first a carmine-red color and then a reddish-brown precipitate which in time loses its color. 

Solanacece dr Nightshade Family.—Stem herbaceous, rarely shrubby or arborescent, frequently with bicollateral bundles. Leaves alter-... 

Beets, chard, nightshade family plants Leafminers... 

Precautions Since alkaloids tend to be toxic to mammals, use care in handling this spray and avoid getting it on your skin. Some individuals are extremely allergic to plants in the nightshade family. Don t use tomato-leaf spray on other nightshade family crops because of the risk of spreading mosaic virus. 

In 1809, Vaquelin discovered atropine. Brandes recognized atropine as an alkaloid in 1819. Atropine only occurs in trace amounts in plants, but is readily obtained from the racemitization of levorotatory hyoscyamine which is abundant in nightshade family. Common sources are belladonna root, Jimson Weed, Hyoscyamus niger and H. muticus. 

Stramonium, Jamestown weed, or jimson weed Datura stramonium), is a poisonous annual of the nightshade family, which occurs as a common weed in almost all parts of this country except the West and the North. The leaves and seeds are used medicinally. 

Henbane Hyoscyamus niger) is a poisonous annual or biennial herb of the nightshade family, introduced into this country from Europe and occasionally found as a weed in a number of the Northern States. The leaves, flowering tops, and sometimes the seeds are used medicinally. 

The common Irish potato and the tomato belong to the plant family Solanaceae, also called the nightshade family or the potato family. It is the same family to which the various nightshades belong, including belladonna. In fact, the potato and the tomato are of the same genus Solanum, and the leaves of both the potato plant and... 

Alma R. Hutchens Indian Herbalogy of North America cites herbs that, according to medical folklore, are said to act against hydrophobia or rabies, some of which are in common with Heinerman s listing. In addition to rue, there is mention of balsam fir, beech tree, echinacea, henbane, Jimsonweed, rue, skullcap, St. John s wort, and tansy. Jimsonweed and henbane contain the alkaloid hyoscyamine, as do some other members of the family Solanaceae, or nightshade family. The family Solanaceae, incidentally, is well represented in HartweU (1982b). 

In 1897, Manuel Urbina identified ololiuhqui as the seed of Ipomoea sidaefolia (today known by the synonyms Rivea corymbosa and Turbina corymbosa-, Urbina 1897), an identification later accepted by B.P Reko (Reko 1919 Reko 192,9). Some incorrectly maintained that the Aztec snake plant was not a morning glory, but a species oiDatura, in the nightshade family, Solanaceae (Hartwich 1911 VA Reko 1936 Safford 1915). Finally in 1938, Bias Pablo Reko and Richard Evans Schultes collected the first good botanical voucher specimens of coaxihuitl and ololiuhqui, and definitively identified the plant as Turbina corymbosa (Schultes 1941). 

Plants Nightshade family, jimsonweed Hallucinations, mydriasis, seizures (these plants contain atropine-like alkaloids)... 

Table 1.7 General botanical characteristics of the Nightshade family Botanical Forms and Parts Characteristics...

FIGURE 1.15 L-ornithine and L-nicotinic acids are precursors of some alkaloids in the Nightshade family. 

Nicotine belongs to the Solanaceae (nightshade family) alkaloids. It is the principal alkaloid of tobacco, but occurs also as a trace component in Acacia, Sedum, Erythroxylum, Equisetum and Lycopodium species. The two economically most important tobacco species are Nicotiana tabacum (Virginia tobacco), which grows up to 3 metres in height, has reddish flowers and lancet-shaped, pointed leaves, and the 1.2-metre high Nicotiana rustica species (known in South America as Mapacho and in Vietnam as Thuoc Lao), with greenish-yellow flowers and egg-shaped leaves (Fig. 5.204). 

Use http //www.botanical.com to find other toxic and nontoxic members of the nightshade family of plants (Solanaceae). Do the toxic members produce the same set of toxic molecules ... 

Solanum alkaloids steroid alkaloids that occur in plants of the nightshade family (Solanaceae) of the genera Solanum, Lycopersicon, Cyphomandra and Cestrum. S. a. are structurally related to the parent hydrocarbon, cholestane (see Steroids). 

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