Tissues spinal cord

Gill et al.21 Archival FFPE spinal cord tissue both paraformaldehyde-fixed frozen rat spinal cord tissue and paraffin-embedded same tissue To establish an optimal protocol for detection of low-abundance protein (NeuN) in human spinal cord FFPE tissue sections, testing three AR solutions of pH 6, alkaline, and acidic buffer, with three heating conditions 95,100, and 105°C Heating FFPE tissue sections in an alkaline buffer yields most effective AR-IHC staining results. 

Gill SK, Ishak M, Rylett RJ. Exposure of nuclear antigens in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded necropsy human spinal cord tissue detection of NeuN. /. Neurosci. Meth. 2005 148 26-35. 

Solid fetal spinal cord tissue seeded into semipermeable mini guidance channels and implanted into a lesion site in the rat adult spinal cord... 

Equivalent to 500 or 5000 pg Ag/kg BW daily for 11 months Lowered immunological activity pathology of vascular, nerve, brain, and spinal cord tissues 3... 

Mass spectrometry has been applied mainly in proteome research, but also in discovery and quantitation of neuropeptides that are involved in pain mechanisms, such as nocistatin, substance P, or verification of, for example, the structure of endogenous morphine in the central nervous system. Some proteomics studies of pain are aimed at the search for pain markers in cerebrospinal fluid, as it may reflect changes in brain and spinal cord functioning. Another research area concerns proteome analysis in cancer pain using spinal cord tissue and animal models. 

La Spada et al, 1991). Treatment of SBMA transgenic mice with sodium butyrate, by oral administration, increased histone acetylation in spinal cord tissue and ameliorated the functional and histopathological defects associated with SBMA (Minamiyama et al., 2004). 

Variables related to the activity of the muscle are also important. For example, human dystrophic DMD myotubes only develop differences in [Ca2+] relative to control when cultured in the presence of spinal cord tissue, which induces muscle contractions (Imbert et al., 1995). This requirement is not necessary for myotubes cultured from the mdx mouse, which spontaneously contract (Hopf et al., 1996b). In both cases, chronic but not acute inhibition of contraction with tetrodotoxin returns resting [Ca2+] levels in dystrophic muscle to normal levels. In addition, osmotic shock causes elevations in [Ca2+] primarily in dystrophic muscle (Imbert et al., 1996). 

Saunders, R.D., Dugan, L.L., Demediuk, P., Means, E.D., Horrocks, L.A. and Anderson, D.K. (1987) Effects of methylprednisolone and the combination of alpha tocopherol and selenium on arachidonic acid metabolism and lipid peroxidation in traumatized spinal cord tissue, J. Neurochem. 49, 24-31. 

Hall, E.D. and Braughler, J.M. (1981) Acute effects of intravenous glucocorticoid pretreatment on the in vitro peroxidation of cat spinal cord tissue, Exp. Neurol. 73, 321-324. 

Jonsson, H.T. and Daniell, H.B. (1976) Altered levels of PGF in cats spinal cord tissue following traumatic injury, Prostaglandins 11, 51—61. 

Zuo J, Neubauer D, Dyess K, Ferguson TA, Muir D (1998) Degradation of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan enhances die neurite-promoting potential of spinal cord tissue. Exp Neurol 154 654-662. 

Henkel IS, Engelhardt Jl, Siklos L, Simpson EP, Kim SH, Pan T, Goodman JC, Siddique T, Beers DR, Appel SH (2004) Presence of dendritic cells, MCP-1, and activated microglia/macrophages in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis spinal cord tissue. Ann Neurol 55 221-235. 

Kawamata T, Akiyama H, Yamada T, McGeer PL (1992) Immunologic reactions in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis brain and spinal cord tissue. Am J Pathol 140 691-707. 

In ALS, 8-OHdG modified DNA is detected in spinal cord tissues (Calingasan et al., 2005) and CSF (Ihara et al., 2005) from sporadic ALS (SALS) and FALS patients, while levels of nuclear 8-OHdG are increased in motor cortex of SALS patients, but not FALS patients (Shibata et al., 2000). 

Figure 2 External appearance of various types of human craniorachischisis totalis (total myeloschisis) illustrating the severity of the dysraphic disorders. The first fetus (a) illustrates the severity of the lordosis and the shortness of the axial skeleton which can occur in these disorders. The exposed areas of the central nervous system are totally destroyed. In (b), note the exencephalic brain (termed area cerebrovasculosa). (c, d) Lateral and posterior view. Compare (c) with Figure 1. In (d), the destroyed areas of brain and spinal cord tissues have been removed to show the severity of the malformations of the vertebrae. (Reproduced from Marin-Padilla M (1978) Clinical and experimental rachischisis. In Congenital Malformations of the Spine and Spinal Cord. vol. 32. Handbook of Clinical Neurology. Amsterdam North-Holland, with permission from Elsevier.)...

In abattoirs arormd the world, beef carcasses are normally split laterally down the center of the vertebral column, usually by use of a circular band saw, to separate them into "sides." Carcass splitting disrupts, severs, and spreads the spinal cord tissue along the vertebral column of a carcass. Additionally, carcass splitting saws accumulate spinal cord tissue inside the saw housings during the splitting process and spread that CNS tissue to the split surfaces of subsequent carcasses. 

Hajmeer, M., Cliver, D.A., and Provost, R. 2003. Spinal cord tissue detection in comminuted beef Comparison of two immunological methods. Meat Sci. 65, 757-763. 

HJnaltrindole in mouse brain tissue and mouse spinal cord tissue. Comparison of the two revealed that the van t Hoff plots for mouse brain and mouse spinal cord had different slopes one was positive and the ofher was negative. It was concluded that there are multiple subtypes of opioid 3 receptors (at least functionally). 

The 2,3-benzodiazepine, GYKI 52466, was first shown to block spinal reflexes [61] and subsequently to block responses to AMPA on spinal neurones in vivo [63]. Following electrophoretic ejection of GYKI 52466, responses to kainate were reduced in parallel with those to AMPA whereas those to NMDA were unaffected. The block is clearly non-competitive on cortical slices and presumably will also be on spinal cord tissue when tested in vitro. 

Pasteur was understandably reticent about a human trial, but in July 1885, he was forced into taking this crucial step. An eight-year-old boy, Joseph Meister, with multiple bites inflicted by a rabid dog, was injected with dried spinal cord tissue. He received 12 successive injections of increasing potency and did not develop rabies or display any of its symptoms. Other successes followed and within 15 months, almost 2500 people had received the vaccine. 

Spinal cord tissue was from a mouse perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde made the same day. 

Archival FFPE spinal cord tissue both paraformaldehyde-fixed frozen rat spinal cord tissue and paraffin-embedded same tissue... 

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