West Nile virus infection

Cheeran MC, Hu S, Sheng WS, Rashid A, Peterson PK, Lokensgard JR (2005) Differential responses of human brain cells to West Nile virus infection. J Neurovirol 11 512-524 Cudrici C, Ito T, Zafranskaia E, Niculescu F, Mullen KM, Vlaicu S, Judge SI, Calabresi PA, Rus H (2007) Dendritic cells are abundant in non-lesional gray matter in multiple sclerosis. Exp Mol Pathol 83 198-206... [Pg.137]

Franklin RJ (2002) Why does remyehnation fail in multiple sclerosis Nat Rev Neurosci 3 705-714 Fratkin JD, Leis AA, Stokic DS, Slavinski SA, Geiss RW (2004) Spinal cord neuropathology in human West Nile virus infection. Arch Pathol Lab Med 128 533-537 Frohman EM, Racke MK, Raine CS (2006) Multiple sclerosis - the plaque and its pathogenesis. N Engl J Med 354 942-955... [Pg.138]

Glass WG, Lane TE (2003b) Functional expression of chemokine receptor CCR5 on CD4(-l-) T cells during virus-induced central nervous system disease. J Virol 77 191-198 Glass WG, Lim JK, Cholera R, Pletnev AG, Gao JL, Murphy PM (2005) Chemokine receptor CCR5 promotes leukocyte trafficking to the brain and survival in West Nile virus infection. J Exp Med 202 1087-1098... [Pg.139]

Glass WG, McDermott DH, Lim JK, Lekhong S, Yu SF, Frank WA, Pape J, Cheshier RC, Murphy PM (2006) CCR5 deficiency increases risk of symptomatic West Nile virus infection. J Exp Med 203 35-40... [Pg.139]

Hunsperger EA, Roehrig JT (2006) Temporal analyses of the neuropathogenesis of a West Nile virus infection in mice. J Neurovirol 12 129-139 Huseby ES, Liggitt D, Brabb T, Schnabel B, Ohlen C, Goverman J (2001) A pathogenic role for myelin-specific CD8(-I-) T cells in a model for multiple sclerosis. J Exp Med 194 669-676... [Pg.139]

Shrestha B, Wang T, Samuel MA, Whitby K, Craft J, Fikrig E, Diamond MS (2006) Gamma interferon plays a crucial early antiviral role in protection against West Nile virus infection. J Virol... [Pg.144]

Wang T, Scully E, Yin Z, Kim JH, Wang S, Yan J, Mamula M, Anderson JF, Craft J, Fikrig E (2003a) IFN-gamma-producing gamma delta T cells help control murine West Nile virus infection. J Immunol 171 2524-2531... [Pg.145]

An often over-looked aspect of surveillance for bioterror events is surveillance of animal populations. Several of the agents considered to have bioterror potential are diseases of animals, for example, anthrax and brucellosis (Franz et al., 2001 Inglesby et al., 1999 USAM-RIID, 2005). A covert attack may first become apparent when animals become ill. The need to coordinate information from medical and veterinary sources was illustrated by the epidemiologic investigation during the 1999 West Nile Virus outbreak in New York City. Investigators found that there had been an outbreak in birds several weeks prior to the human outbreak (Fine Lay-ton, 2001). The current surveillance plan for monitoring West Nile Virus infection in the U.S. includes sentinel surveillance of several animal populations (CDC, 2003). [Pg.395]

West Nile Virus Infection Yellow Fever... [Pg.440]

CuiTently there is no established treatment for West Nile virus infections. Treatment consists only of supportive and symptomatic care, including support of respiration, intravenous fluids, and prevention of secondary infections. [Pg.335]

The treatment of choice for West Nile virus infection consists mainly of the use of... [Pg.337]

Sejvar JJ, Haddad MB, Tierney BC, et al. Neurologic manifestations and outcome of West Nile virus infection. JAMA 2003 290 511-515. [Pg.1941]

Sampson BA, Ambrosi C, Chariot A, et al. The pathology of human West Nile virus infection. Hum Pathol. 2000 31 527-532. [Pg.80]

Komar N, Panella N A, Burns J E, et al. (2001). Serologic evidence for West Nile virus infection in birds in the New York City vicinity during an Outbreak in 1999. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 7 621-625. [Pg.1636]

Steele K E, Linn M J, Schoepp R J, et al. (2000). Pathology of fatal West Nile virus infections in native and exotic birds during the 1999 Outbreak in New York City, New York, Vet. Pathol. 37 208-224. [Pg.1636]

Of recent interest is the occurrence of encephalopathy from West Nile virus infection which can be fatal in the immune compromised host. Whereas this infection is transient encephalitis in the healthy, it can result in coma and death in the elderly and the inunune-compromised patient. There is nothing specific about the disorder diagnosis is based on a high index of suspicion as the disorder is seasonal and occurs in late summer. The MRI scan may show very little if any by way of abnormalities. The cerebrospinal fluid is always abnormal with prominent pleocytosis and increased protein. Cerebrospinal fluid is usually positive for IgM antibody to the virus. Care is only supportive therapy. [Pg.344]

US GAO report. West Nile Virus Outbreak Lessons for Public Health Preparedness, GAO/HEHS-00-180 (Washington, DC September 2000). See also K. E. Steele, M. J. Linn, R. J. Schoepp, et York City, New York, Veterinary Pathology 37, no. 3, May 2000, pp. 208-24. [Pg.274]

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