Pyrolysis - Infrared Spectroscopy

Brown and co-workers [15] showed that pyrolysis of ethylene - propylene copolymers at 450 °C produces derivatives that are rich in unsaturated vinyl and 

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Pyrolysis-infrared spectroscopy (Py-IR) A pyrolysis technique in which the pyrolysates are analysed by infrared spectroscopy. 

See also Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Flame Electrothermal. Atomic Emission Spectrometry Inductively Coupled Plasma. Color Measurement. Forensic Sciences Paints, Varnishes, and Lacquers. Gas Chromatography Pyrolysis. Infrared Spectroscopy Industrial Applications. Liquid Chromatography Size-Exclusion. Paints Water-Based. Spectrophotometry Organic Compounds. X-Ray Absorption and Diffraction X-Ray Diffraction - Powder. X-Ray Fluorescence and Emission Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence. 

See alsa Gas Chromatography Oven/iew Pyrolysis. Infrared Spectroscopy Overview Industrial Applications. Lipids Fatty Acids. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy-Applicable Elements Hydrogen Isotopes Carbon-13. Polymers Synthetic. 

Pyrolysis / Infrared spectroscopy (thermal decomposition coupled with IR spectroscopy)... 

In spite of these considerations MIR proved to be by far the most effective of a range of techniques studied in a wide ranging assessment of recognition methods that also considered NIR, FT Raman spectroscopy. Pyrolysis Mass Spectrometry, Pyrolysis Infrared Spectroscopy and Laser Induced Emission Spectral analysis [6]. 

Ishiguro et al. [846] have used off-line pyrolysis-infrared spectroscopy for the analysis of polymers in various kinds of plastic materials. The pyrolysis products were obtained by heating small amounts of the plastic samples on a gas burner in middle size test tubes the IR spectra of the pyrolysates were measured by a KBr sandwich method. This method was found to be simple, speedy and usefiil for the analysis of complex mixtures consisting of polymers and various kinds of additives in plastic materials. Washall et al. [834] used direct PyFTIR for polymer analysis. 

Except for TG, programmable furnaces are rarely interfaced directly to spectroscopic techniques. Davidson [835] has indicated several data processing schemes to extract information about composition and overlapping thermal decomposition reactions of evolved gaseous reaction products of polymers subjected to linear temperature-programmed pyrolysis-infrared spectroscopy. 

The acetyl content of cellulose acetate may be calculated by difference from the hydroxyl content, which is usually determined by carbanilation of the ester hydroxy groups in pyridine solvent with phenyl isocyanate [103-71-9J, followed by measurement of uv absorption of the combined carbanilate. Methods for determining cellulose ester hydroxyl content by near-infrared spectroscopy (111) and acid content by nmr spectroscopy (112) and pyrolysis gas chromatography (113) have been reported. 

In this study, we extend the range of inorganic materials produced from polymeric precursors to include copper composites. Soluble complexes between poly(2-vinylpyridine) (P2VPy) and cupric chloride were prepared in a mixed solvent of 95% methanol 5% water. Pyrolysis of the isolated complexes results in the formation of carbonaceous composites of copper. The decomposition mechanism of the complexes was studied by optical, infrared, x-ray photoelectron and pyrolysis mass spectroscopy as well as thermogravimetric analysis and magnetic susceptibility measurements. 

The material balance is consistent with the results obtained by OSA (S2+S4 in g/100 g). For oil A, the coke zone is very narrow and the coke content is very low (Table III). On the contrary, for all the other oils, the coke content reaches higher values such as 4.3 g/ 100 g (oil B), 2.3 g/ioo g (oil C), 2.5 g/ioo g (oil D), 2.4/100 g (oil E). These organic residues have been studied by infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis to compare their compositions. The areas of the bands characteristic of C-H bands (3000-2720 cm-1), C=C bands (1820-1500 cm j have been measured. Examples of results are given in Fig. 4 and 5 for oils A and B. An increase of the temperature in the porous medium induces a decrease in the atomic H/C ratio, which is always lower than 1.1, whatever the oil (Table III). Similar values have been obtained in pyrolysis studies (4) Simultaneously to the H/C ratio decrease, the bands characteristics of CH and CH- groups progressively disappear. The absorbance of the aromatic C-n bands also decreases. This reflects the transformation by pyrolysis of the heavy residue into an aromatic product which becomes more and more condensed. Depending on the oxygen consumption at the combustion front, the atomic 0/C ratio may be comprised between 0.1 and 0.3 ... 

Goodacre, R. Shann, B. Gilbert, R. J. Timmis, E. M. McGovern, A. C. Alsberg, B. K. Kell, D. B. Logan, N. A. Detection of the dipicolinic acid biomarker in Bacillus spores using Curie-point pyrolysis mass spectrometry and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Anal. Chem. 2000,72,119-127. 

McGovern, A. C. Ernill, R. Kara, B. V. Kell, D. B. Goodacre, R. Rapid analysis of the expression of heterologous proteins in Escherichia coli using pyrolysis mass spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with chemometrics Application to a2- interferon production. J. Biotechnol. 1999, 72,157-167. 

Timmins, E. M. Howell, S. A. Alsberg, B. K. Noble, W. C. Goodacre, R. Rapid differentiation of closely related Candida species and strains by pyrolysis mass spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. /. Clin. Microbiol. 1998,36, 367-374. 

V.A. Basiuk, Pyrolysis of valine and leucine at 500°C identification of less volatile products using gas chromatography Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy mass spectrometry, J. 

Whereas enyne 429 is formed in excellent yield from allenyl sulfone 428 as a stable product of 1,4-elimination of water [118], short-lived butatrienones 431 can only be characterized by argon matrix infrared spectroscopy after 1,2-elimination of HX from precursors 430 by flash vacuum pyrolysis [373, 374]. 

The flame retardant mechanism of PC/ABS compositions using bisphenol A bis(diphenyl phosphate) (BDP) and zinc borate have been investigated (54). BDP affects the decomposition of PC/ABS and acts as a flame retardant in both the gas and the condensed phase. The pyrolysis was studied by thermogravimetry coupled with fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FUR) and nuclear magnetic-resonance spectroscopy. Zinc borate effects an additional hydrolysis of the PC and contributes to a borate network on the residue. 

H2Os7C(CO),9 (54), the first example known of an M7C carbide cluster, was identified by mass spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy, among the many products obtained by heating Os3(CO)12 to 230°C with small amounts of water in a sealed tube. No structural information is yet available. OsgC(CO)2l was similarly characterized, being present among the products of Os3(CO),2 pyrolysis (55). 

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