Carbon and hydrogen isotope

Bottinga, Y. 1969 Calculated fractionation factors for carbon and hydrogen isotope exchange in the system calcite-carbon dioxide-graphite-methane-hydrogen-water vapour. Geochimica et CosmochimicaActa 33 49-64. 

Hayes, J.M. (2001). Fractionation of carbon and hydrogen isotopes in biosynthetic processes. 

Mancini SA, AC Ulrich, G Lacrampe-Couloume, B Sleep, EA Edwards, BS Lollar (2003) Carbon and hydrogen isotopic fractionation during anaerobic biodegradation of benzene. Appl Environ Microbiol 69 191-198. 

Two strains for which the mechanism of biodegradation of benzene had not been established were examined for carbon and hydrogen isotope fractionation (Hunkeler et al. 2001). Valnes for Acinetobacter sp. mABurkholderia sp. were, respectively, -1.46 and 3.53 ppm for carbon and 12.8 and -11.2 ppm for hydrogen. Values of and 8 H for benzene differed from various sources, and it was pointed out that these differences should be taken into consideration. 

Kuder T, JT Wilson, P Kaiser, R Kolhatkar, P Philp, J Allen (2005) Enrichment of stable carbon and hydrogen isotopes during anaerobic biodegradation of MTBE microcosm and field evidence. Environ Sci Technol 39 213-220. 

Chikaraishi, Y., Naraoka, H. and Poulson, S. R. (2004a) Carbon and hydrogen isotopic fractionation during lipid biosynthesis in a higher plant (Cryptomeria japonica). Phytochemistry 65, 323. 

Chikaraishi Y (2006) Carbon and hydrogen isotopic composition of sterols in natural marine brown and red macroalgae and associated shellfish. Org Geochem 37 428 136 Cimino G, Crispino A, Dimarzo V, Gavagnin M, Ros JD (1990) Oxytoxins, bioactive molecules produced by the marine opisthobranch mollusk Oxynoe olivacea from a diet-derived precursor. Experientia 46 767-770... 

Wang, Y. Huang, Y. Huckins, J.N. Petty, J.D. 2004, Compound-specific carbon and hydrogen isotope analysis of sub-parts per bilUon level waterborne petroleum hydrocarbons. Environ. Sci. Technol. 38 3689-3697. 

Atmospheric methane has a mean 5 C-value of around —47%c (Stevens 1988). Quay et al. (1999) presented global time series records between 1988 and 1995 on the carbon and hydrogen isotope composition of atmospheric methane. They measured spatial and temporal variation in and D with a slight emichment observed for the southern hemisphere (—47.2%c) relative to the northern hemisphere (—47.4%o). The mean 5D was —86 3%c with a 10%o depletion in the northern relative to the southern hemisphere. 

In conclusion, the combination of carbon and hydrogen isotope analysis of natural gases is a powerful tool to discriminate different origins of gases. In a plot of 8 C vs. 8D (see Fig. 3.38) not only is a distinction of biogenic and thermogeiuc gases from different enviromnents clear, but it is also possible to delineate mixtures between the different types. 

Hayes JM (2001) fractionation of carbon and hydrogen isotopes in biosynthetic processes. In JW VaUey, DR Cole (eds,) Stable isotope geochemistry. Rev Miner Geochem 43 225-277 Hayes JM, Waldbauer JR (2006) The carbon cycle and associated redox processes through time, Phil Trans R,Soc B 361 931-950... 

Sackett WM (1978) Carbon and hydrogen isotope effects during the thermocatalytic production of hydrocarbons in laboratory simulation experiments. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 42 571-580 Sackett WM, Thompson RR (1963) Isotopic organic carbon composition of recent continental derived clastic sediments of Eastern Gulf Coast, Gulf of Mexico. Bull Am Ass Petrol Geol 47 ... 

Whiticar MJ (1999) Carbon and hydrogen isotope systematics of bacterial formation and oxidation of methane. Chem Geol 161 291-314... 

Among the classic methods for the extension of the aldose chain by one carbon atom from the reducing end [9J, the Kiliani-Fischer cyanohydrin synthesis [10] is a milestone in carbohydrate chemistry. However after 110 years from discovery and numerous applications [11], including the preparation of carbon and hydrogen isotopically labeled compounds for mechanistic and structural studies [12], there are still several drawbacks that make the method impractical. These are the low and variable degree of selectivity and the harsh reaction conditions that are required to reveal the aldose from either the aldonic acid or directly from the cyanohydrin. Synthetic applications that have appeared in recent times confirmed these limitations. For instance, a quite low selectivity was registered [13] in the addition of the cyanide ion to the D-ga/acfo-hexodialdo-l,5-pyranose derivative 1... 

Alperin M. J., Reeburgh W. S., and Whiticar M. J. (1988) Carbon and hydrogen isotope fractionation resulting from anaerobic methane oxidation. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 2, 279-288. 

Coleman D. D., Risatti J. B., and Schoell M. (1981) Fractionation of carbon and hydrogen isotopes by methane-oxidizing bacteria. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 45, 1033-1037. 

Homibrook E. R. C., Longstaffe F. J., and Fyfe W. S. (1997) Spatial distribution of microbial methane production pathways in temperate zone wetland soils stable carbon and hydrogen isotope evidence. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 61, 745-753. 

Martens C. S., Kelley C. A., Chanton J. P., and Showers W. J. (1992b) Carbon and hydrogen isotopic characterization of methane from wetlands and lakes of the Yukon-Kushokwim Delta, Western Alaska. J. Geophys. Res. 97, 16689-16701. 

Gray J., Couloume-Lacrampe G., Gandhi D., Scow K., Wilson R. D., MacKay D. M., and Lollar S. B. (2002) Carbon and hydrogen isotopic fractionation during biodegradation of methyl tert-butyl ether. Environ. Sci. Technol. 36(9), 1931-1938. 

The system by Sewenig et al. [210] as displayed in Fig. 6.14 has been used to isolate the two main compounds of a raspberry flavour, E-(a)- and E-(p)-ionone (Fig. 6.20) for carbon and hydrogen isotope analysis a correlation diagram of the data from various authentic samples and extracts from brandy, yoghurts and syrups permitted the discrimination between products from natural and nature-identical origin. 

Nissenbaum, A. (1974). The organic geochemistry of marine and terrestrial humic substances Implications of carbon and hydrogen isotope studies. In Advances in Organic Geochemistry (B. Tissot and F. Bienner, eds.). Editions Technip, Paris, pp. 39-52. 

Valentine, D.L., Chidthaisong, A., Rice, A., Reeborugh, W.S., and Tyler, S.C., 2004. Carbon and hydrogen isotope fractionation by moderately thermophilic methanogens. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 68, 1571-90. 

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