Liquid chromatography size exclusion

W.W. Yau, D.D. By and J.J. Kirkland, Modern Size Exclusion Liquid Chromatography Practice of Gel Permeation and Gel Filtration Chromatography, J. Wiley and Sons, New York, 1979. ISBN 0471033871. 

Yau, W. W., Kirkland, J.J., and Ely, D. D. (1979). Modern Size-Exclusion Liquid Chromatography, John Wiley C Sons. 

Size exclusion liquid chromatography M) has been widely used to characterize distributions of molecular weights in polymer specimens. This paper describes a package of computer programs for automatic data collection and data reduction in size exclusion liquid chromatography (2). The programs and the environment in which they operate are carefully tailored to emphasize the interaction between the user and his data rather than the Interaction between the user and the computer. The system we describe differs from that described by Koehler et al. (J) in that all functions are performed by a stand-alone system. 

Figure 2. Software Modulea for size-exclusion liquid Chromatography...

Barnes, J. D., Dickens, B. and McCrackin, F. L. "User s Guide for Size-Exclusion Liquid Chromatography" MBS Technical Note,... 

For EMG peaks, peak skew increases with the ratio xG/oG. Figure 16-32 illustrates the characteristics of such a peak calculated for xG/aG = 1.5. In general, with xG/aG > 1 (peak skew > 0.7), a direct calculation of the moments is required to obtain a good approximation of the true value of N , since other methods give a large error (Yau et al., Modems Size-Exclusion Liquid Chromatography, Wiley, New York, 1979). Alternatively, Eq. (16-165) can be fitted to experimental peaks to determine the optimum values of fG, aG, and xG. 

One column can be used for different types of liquid chromatography by changing the eluent components. As an example, a column packed with octadecyl-bonded silica gel has been used for size-exclusion liquid chromatography with tetrahydrofuran (THF), normal-phase liquid chromatography with n-hexane, and reversed-phase liquid chromatography with aqueous acetonitrile. Examples of the chromatograms are shown in Figure 1.4. 

Figure 1.4C). The elution volumes of benzene and butylbenzene were 2.01 and 2.52 ml, respectively. The elution volumes became larger with the addition of water to the acetonitrile eluent. In each case the elution orders are based on the solubility of the solutes (except in size-exclusion liquid chromatography). 

The separation conditions employed for size-exclusion liquid chromatography are simple. A strong solvent for analytes and a suitable stationary phase... 

Surface-modified silica gels are used for a variety of separations, but organic polymer-based stationary phase materials are more useful for long-term operations, such as for an amino acid analyser and size-exclusion liquid chromatography. 

Vinyl alcohol copolymer gel is hydrophilic and has been developed for aqueous-phase size-exclusion liquid chromatography however, it is less polar than the polysaccharides. Its specificity permits the direct injection of a biological sample without deproteinization. For example, blood serum from a patient suffering from chronic nephritis has been injected directly as a measure of the degree of dialysis (Figure 3.17). Adenosine triphosphate, adenosine diphosphate, and adenosine monophosphate in red blood cells have also been separated directly (Figure 3.18). Theophylline in blood serum has been... 

Figure 4.20 Calibration curves for size-exclusion liquid chromatography. Column, TSK GEL G3000SW, 120 cm x 7.5 mm i.d. eluent, 0.2 m sodium phosphate buffer pH 6.8 flow rate, 1.0 ml min-1. Standards 1, protein-, 2, dextran, and 3, polyethylene glycol.

Figure 4.22 High temperature size-exclusion liquid chromatography of an engineering plastic, poly (phenyl sulfate). Column, SSC GPS-3506, 50 cm x 8 mm i.d. eluent, 1-chloronaphthalene flow rate, 1.0 ml min-1 column temperature, 210 °C detector, refractive index detector.

There is no molecular interaction in size-exclusion liquid chromatography, and therefore the resolution can only be improved by increasing the column length. 

W. Radke, Chromatography of polymers, in Macromolecular Engineering Structure-Property Correlation and Characterization Techniques, vol. 3, K. Matyjaszewski, Y. Gnanou, L. Leibler, eds., Wiley-VCH, Berlin, Germany, 2007 A.M. Striegel, J.J. Kirkland, W.W. Yau, D.D. Bly, Modem Size-Exclusion Liquid Chromatography, Wiley, Hoboken, New Jersey, 2009. 

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