Preventive and protective measures

Preventive and protective measures. Technical safety measures must always be developed no matter how inherently safe we think the process is. The scope of preventive and protection measures is large for the whole plant. Below, some preventive measures to be taken to prevent thermal runaways when a dangerous situation is recognized are listed ... 

The reader will then be able to take this evaluation into account when considering the prevention and protection measures required. 

To assess the potential hazard of a new plant, the index can be calculated after the Piping and Instrumentation and equipment layout diagrams have been prepared. In earlier versions of the guide the index was then used to determine what preventative and protection measures were needed, see Dow (1973). In the current version the preventative and protection measures, that have been incorporated in the plant design to reduce the hazard-are taken into account when assessing the potential loss in the form of loss control credit factors. 

The Maximum probable property damage (MPPD) is then calculated by multiplying the Base MPPD by a Credit control factor. The Loss control credit control factors, see Table 9.6, allow for the reduction in the potential loss given by the preventative and protective measures incorporated in the design. 

The investigation of a sugar dust explosion in a Belgian factory is discussed and preventive and protective measures are described in detail [1], Sugar dust explosions and safety measures against them are reviewed [2]. 

Damaging fires are uncontrolled chemical reactions, so fire hazards involving ordinary flammable and combustible materials could be included in the above definition of chemical reactivity hazards. However, this publication seeks to supplement basic fire prevention and protection measures by addressing how to successfully manage other chemical reactivity hazards in the work environment. Consequently, the use of the term "chemical reactivity hazards" in this publication will not include explosion, fire and dust explosibility hazards involving the burning of flammable and combustible materials in air. Storage and use of commercial explosives is also outside the scope of this publication. 

Designing and Operating Safe Chemical Reaction Processes (HSE 2000). Published by the U.K. Health and Safety Executive and directed to small to medium-sized chemical manufacturing companies using batch and semi-batch processes. It addresses chemical reaction hazards and inherently safer processes, hazards assessment, preventive and protective measures, and management practices. 

Comenges, J. M. Z. (1991). "Fundamentals on Runaway Reactions Prevention and Protection Measures." Safety of Chemical Batch Reactors and Storage Tanks, ed. A. Benuzzi, and J. M. Zaldivar, 19-47. Dordrecht, The Netherlands Kluwer Academic... 

The first three sections of an HSG highlight the relevant technical information in the corresponding EHC. Section 4 includes advice on preventive and protective measures and emergency action. Within the Guide is a Summary of Chemical Safety Information, which should be readily available, and should be clearly explained, to all who could come into contact with the chemical. The section on regulatory information has been extracted from the legal file of the International Register of Potentially Toxic Chemicals (IRPTC) and from other UN sources. 

Firefighters, in the normal course of their duties, may find themselves exposed to infectious/communicable diseases including hepatitis, meningitis, HIV, and tuberculosis. Potentially infectious persons may have no specific signs, symptoms, or complaints, and they may have no awareness of their potential to transmit their disease to others. Therefore, firefighters must take preventative and protective measures with each and every person to whom they respond to prevent or reduce the risk of direct exposure to communicable diseases. 

Zaldivar, J.M. (1991) Fundamentals on runaways reactions prevention and protection measures, in Safety of Chemical Batch Reactors and Storage Tanks, Benuzzi, A. and Zaldivar, J.M. (eds.) ESCS, EEC, EAEC, Brussels, 19 17. 

Chemical and thermal burns. The causes of chemical bums include the effect of concentrated acids, alkali, liquid ammonia, chlorosilanes and other aggressive substances. Thermal bums are caused with boiling solutions, hot water, vapour, inflamed gases, incandescent contact mass. Preventive and protective measures mostly include strict observance of all the established technological regulations and equipment maintenance order. 

Country-specific and overlapping recommendations are summarised in Table 4.6, organised according to preventive and protective measures. A framework for risk management under REACH must consider these existing strengths and weaknesses of chemical management at national and EU levels. 

Iiiytlementatioo of management systems for the effective planning, organising, controlling, monitoring uid review of any preventive and protective measures arising from a risk assessment ... 

A goal of hazard communication is to ensure that employers, employees, and the public are provided with information on the hazards of chemicals so that they can take effective preventive and protective measures for their health and safety. This is sometimes referred to as the right-to-know principle. 

States ratifying the Convention are required to work out, in consultation with the most representative organisations of employers and woikers and with other interested parties who may be affected, a national policy for the prevention of major industrial accidents in accordance with the general principles it sets forth. The policy shall be implemented through preventive and protective measures for major hazard installations and, where practicable, shall promote the use of the best available safety technologies. 

At regional level, its insp rs and consulting engineers have the same access and inquiry ri t as the natioi labour inspectors have. They perform risk assessments and give advice on prevention and protection measures in consultation and co-operation widi the Committee for Hygiene, Security and Working Conditions - CHSCT. Theiy can also refer to specialised laboratories. ... 

That fire prevention and protection measures were in place before the hot work was initiated. 

Within the management factor, which usually accounts for majority of industrial accidents, the most important tool is a risk assessment, which examines the hazards associated with the drying operation and on that basis safety prevention and protection measures are designed. Besides these all operating, housekeeping, and maintenance procedures as well as training systems are defined by the management based on the risk assessment. 

Hazards and risks to workers safety and health should be identified and assessed on an ongoing basis. Preventive and protective measures should be implemented in the following order of priority ... 

Based on the hazard assessment preventative and protective measures of different levels have to be identified and implemented ... 

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