Potassium hypochlorite salts

The best known oxoanion of iron is the ferrate(VI) prepared by oxidizing a suspension of hydrous iron(III) oxide in concentrated alkah with potassium hypochlorite or by anodic oxidation of iron in concentrated alkah. Crystals of potassium ferrate [13718-66-6], K FeO, are deep purple, orthorhombic, and contain discrete tetrahedral [FeOJ anions. Barium ferrate [13773-23A] can be precipitated from solutions of soluble ferrate salts. 

Such a solution contains approximately 200 g. (2.3 moles) of potassium hypochlorite. Sodium or potassium hypochlorite may be used, but the calcium salt is not satisfactory because the calcium salt of /3-naphthoic acid is sparingly soluble. 

F. (S)-(-)-l-Amino-3-methoxymethylpyrrolidine (SAMP). A 4-L, threenecked flask containing the crude urea is cooled to -5°C (internal temperature) by means of an ice-salt bath and treated with a chilled (-5°C) solution of 168 g of potassium hydroxide in 150 mL of water. After addition of 685 mL (1.3 mol) of 1.9 N potassium hypochlorite solution (Note 15), precooled to -6°C, the temperature rises within 10 min to 30-40°C and the cooling bath is removed after the mixture reaches room temperature (Note 16). Stirring is... 

In the hydrated form, Ni02.aH20, nickel dioxide is obtained by decomposing an aqueous solution of a nickel salt by warming with sodium or potassium hypochlorite, and by passing chlorine through a suspension of nickelous hydroxide in water.1 It also results when a neutral solution of nickel sulphate is electrolysed. In the literature it is frequently referred to and described as the hydrated sesqui-oxide. 

De Poorter, B. and B. Meunier (1985). Metalloporphyrin-catalyzed epoxidation of terminal olefins with hypochlorite salts or potassium hydrogen persulfate. Perkin Trans. U,J. Chem. Soc. 1735-1740. 

Hypochlorous acid, potassium salt. See Potassium hypochlorite Hypochlorous acid, sodium salt. See Sodium hypochlorite... 

This chapter reviews the production of sodium, potassium, calcium, and lithium salts of hypochlorite as well as a crystalline complex of hydrated trisodium orthophosphate and sodium hypochlorite known as chlorinated trisodium phosphate. These inorganic hypochlorite salts are used in detergent and cleaning products to kill all types of pathogens, decolorize stains, and break down and remove many kinds of soil. They are also widely used for water and wastewater disinfection and a variety of industrial uses. 

Oxidation of Chlorides. Hypochlorite can also be formed by the in situ oxidation of chloride ions by potassium peroxymonosulfate [25482-78-4] (36). Ketones like acetone cataly2e the reaction (37). The triple salt of potassium peroxymonosulfate is a stable powder that has been combiaed with chloride salts and sold as toilet bowl cleaners. Bromides can be used ia place of chlorides to form hypobromites, and such combiaations are used to disiafect spas and hot tubs. 

Hypobromites, the salts of hypobromous acid, do not keep well because they gradually disproportionate to bromide and bromate. Solutions are best prepared as needed from bromine and alkafl with cooling. Because disproportionation is catalyzed by cobalt, nickel, and copper (70), these impurities should be avoided. SoHd alkaline earth hypobromites, or more properly, bromide hypobromites such as calcium bromide hypobromite [67530-61 CaBr(OBr), have been known for many years, but the pure crystalline hydrates sodium hypobromite pentahydrate [13824-96-9] NaOBr 5H20, and potassium hypobromite tribydrate [13824-97-0], KOBr 3H20, were not described until 1952 (71). Hypobromites are strong bleaching agents, similar to hypochlorites. 

Lithium Hypochlorite. High purity, anhydrous lithium hypochlorite [13840-33-0] LiOCl, is a white, lightweight, dusty, hygroscopic, and corrosive powder. The monohydrate is free-flowing, nondusty, and of reasonable density. The presence of diluents such as salt, sodium, and potassium sulfates reduces dustiness, increases bulk density, reduces reactivity, and improves storage stabiUty. The commercial product is marketed in this form. 

Sodium hexakis(formato)molybdate, 3, 1235 Sodium hypochlorite alkene epoxidation manganese catalysts, 6,378 Sodium ions biology, 6, 559 selective binding biology, 6, 551 Sodium molybdate, 3, 1230 Sodium peroxoborate, 3,101 Sodium/potassium ATPase, 6, 555 vanadate inhibition, 3, 567 Sodium pump, 6, 555 mechanism, 6, 556 Sodium pyroantimonate, 3, 265 Sodium salts... 

Oxidation of methyl perfluoroalkyl sulphones with refluxing aqueous potassium permanganate produced the perfluorinated alkanesulphonic acid in 85% yield as the potassium salt (equation 86). On the other hand, attempted oxidation with sodium hypochlorite caused only chlorine substitution (equation 87). Reaction of the new sulphone with aqueous hydroxide gave the same perfluoroalkane sulphonic acid salt (equation 88). 

The oxidative ring-closure method is well known. Halo-substituted benzofurazans are obtained by reaction of aqueous sodium hypochlorite with potassium salts of the corresponding 2-nitroanilines (Equation 79) <2001SC2329, 2002BML233, 2003HCA1175, 2003JFC(121)171, 20030PD436>. 

Surface disinfectants Compounds containing phenolics, chlorhexidine (not effective against bacteria spores), quaternary ammonium salts (additional activity if bis-n-tributyltin oxide present), hypochlorites such as household bleach, alcohols such as 70-95% ethanol and isopropyl (not effective against bacteria spores), potassium peroxymonosulfate, hydrogen peroxide, iodine/iodophores, and triclosan. 

The following inorganic hypochlorites are described in literature aluminum (very unstable), ammonium (very unstable), barium, calcium, cupric, lithium, magnesium, potassium, silver (unstable), sodium, strontium and zinc. None of these salts is used in explosives or is explosive per se, but some of them are used in industry... 

Synonym Neatsfoot Oil Necatorina Nechexane Neutral Ahhonium Pluoride Neutral Anhydrous Calcium Hypochlorite Neutral Lead Acetate Neutral Nicotine Sulfate Neutral Potassium Chromate Neutral Sodium Chromatetanhydrous Neutral Verdigris Nickel Acetate Nickel Acetate Tetrahyorate Nickel Ammonium Sulfate Nickel Ammonium Sulfate Hexahydrate Nickel Bromide Nickel Bromide Trihydrate Nickel Carbonyl Nickel Chloride Nickel Chloride Nickel Cyanide Nickel Iiu Fluoborate Nickel Fluoroborate Solution Nickel Fluoroborate Nickel Formate Nickel Formate Dihyorate Nickel Nitrate Nickel Nitrate Hexahydrate Nickel Sulfate Nickel Tetracarbokyl Nickelous Acetate Nickelous Sulfate Nicotine Nicotine Sulfate Nifos Nitralin Nitram O-Nitraniline P-Nitraniline Nitric Acid Nitric Acid, Aluminum Salt Nitric Acid, Iron (111) Salt Compound Name Oil Neatsfoot Carbon Tetrachloride Neohexane Ammonium Fluoride Calcium Hypochlorite Lead Acetate Nicotine Sulfate Potassium Chromate Sodium Chromate Copper Acetate Nickel Acetate Nickel Acetate Nickel Ammonium Sulfate Nickel Ammonium Sulfate Nickel Bromide Nickel Bromide Nickel Carbonyl Nickel Chloride Nickel Chloride Nickel Cyanide Nickel Fluoroborate Nickel Fluoroborate Nickel Fluoroborate Nickel Formate Nickel Formate Nickel Nitrate Nickel Nitrate Nickel Sulfate Nickel Carbonyl Nickel Acetate Nickel Sulfate Nicotine Nicotine Sulfate Tetraethyl Pyrophosphate Nitralin Ammonium Nitrate 2-Nitroaniline 4-Nitroaniline Nitric Acid Aluminum Nitrate Ferric Nitrate... 

The presence of a certain excess of base prevents the conversion of the hypochlorite into chlorate and chloride, whereas it is rapidly effected when the acid is in excess. It is therefore necessary to add the acid to the alkaline substance in quantity insufficient for saturation, and constantly to agitate the bottle immersed in cold water and not to reverse the operation by gradually saturating the acid with the base. By taking these precautions, cone. soln. of hypochlorous acid and potash may be used without precipitating potassium chlorate, notwithstanding the sparing solubility of this salt. This proves that u any chlorate is formed, the quantity is very small. 

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