Lithium hypochlorite

Lithium Hypochlorite. Lithium hypochlorite [13840-33-0], LiOCl, is obtained from reaction of chlorine and an aqueous solution of lithium hydroxide. The soHd is usually obtained as a dry stable product containing other alkaH haHdes and sulfates (64). A product containing 35% available chlorine is used for sanitizing appHcations in swimming pools and in food preparation areas where its rapid and complete dissolution is important. The salt can also be obtained in higher purity by reaction of lithium hydroxide and hypochlorous acid (65). 

Lithium Hypochlorite. Similar in action to other hypochlorites, this chemical is used to a small extent. It is more expensive than sodium and calcium hypochlorite. 

Lithium Hypochlorite. Commercial lithium hypochlorite [13840-33-0], LiOCl, is a soHd with about 35% available chlorine. It is made from concentrated solutions of sodium hypochlorite and lithium chloride. It consists of 30% lithium hypochlorite and various other salts (34). 

Lithium hypochlorite is used in I I laundry detergents and I I dry laundry bleaches. Like sodium hypochlorite, it does not precipitate soaps and other anionic detergents. However, lithium hypochlorite is an expensive source of available chlorine and not much is used for bleaching. Its principal use is as a shocking agent for swimming pool disinfection. 

Calcium hypochlorite is the principal commercial soHd hypochlorite it is produced on a large scale and marketed as a 65—70% product containing sodium chloride and water as the main diluents. A product with a significantly higher available chlorine, av CI2, (75—80%) has been introduced by Olin. Calcium hypochlorite is also manufactured to a smaller extent as a hemibasic compound (- 60% av Cl ) and to a lesser extent in the form of bleaching powder (- 35% av CI2). Lithium hypochlorite is produced on a small scale and is sold as a 35% assay product for specialty appHcations. Small amounts of NaOCl ate employed in the manufacture of crystalline chlorinated ttisodium phosphate [56802-99-4]. 

Lithium Hypochlorite. High purity, anhydrous lithium hypochlorite [13840-33-0] LiOCl, is a white, lightweight, dusty, hygroscopic, and corrosive powder. The monohydrate is free-flowing, nondusty, and of reasonable density. The presence of diluents such as salt, sodium, and potassium sulfates reduces dustiness, increases bulk density, reduces reactivity, and improves storage stabiUty. The commercial product is marketed in this form. 

Economic Aspects. Lithium hypochlorite is produced by Lithium Corporation of America (a subsidiary of FMC) at its plant in Bessemer, North Carolina which has a capacity of about 4000 t/yr. Its total demand is low owing to its relatively high price of about 1.27/lb in tmckload quantities. Estimated U.S. consumption in 1987 was 2000—2500 t, 80—90% being used in swimming pool sanitation. 

Applications. Lithium hypochlorite, first introduced in 1964, has limited use in swimming pool and spa sanitation and dry laundry bleaches. 

Lithium hypochlorite, halogenated hydantoias, potassium peroxymonosulfate, and hydrogen peroxide. 

Golorfastness to Bleaching. In fastness to hypochlorite bleachiag, ISO 10S-N01, the specimen is agitated ia a solution of sodium, calcium, or lithium hypochlorite containing 2 g/L available chlorine buffered to pH 11.0 with sodium carbonate for 1 h at 20°C and 50 1 Hquor-to-goods ratio. The specimen is tinsed ia water, hydrogen peroxide, or sodium bisulfite solution to remove free chlorine, dried, and assessed. 

Carico(139-140) has published comparative information about the various gelling agents. Xanthan has been adapted to foam fracturing gels. Xanthan gels can be broken by the addition of lithium hypochlorite(141). 

Lithium hydroxide, 15 134, 140-141 Lithium hypochlorite, 4 52 15 141 pool sanitizer, 26 175 Lithium iodide, 3 417 15 140 Lithium-iodine cells, 3 463-464 characteristics, 3 462t speciality for military and medical use, 3 430t... 

Lead dioxide Lead perchlorate Lithium chlorate Lithium hypochlorite Lithium perchlorate Lithium peroxide Magnesium bromate Magnesium chlorate Magnesium perchlorate Magnesium peroxide Manganese dioxide Mercurous chlorate Mono-(trichloro)-tetra-(mono-potassium dichloro)-penta-s-triazinetrione... 

Passing chlorine through a solution of hthium hydroxide yields lithium hypochlorite ... 

Cone. soln. of sodium hypochlorite with up to 42 per cent, of available chlorine have been made under the trade name chloros, by passing chlorine into a soln. of caustic soda of such a strength that the sodium chloride which is formed separates out. The temp, is kept below 27°. The crystals of sodium chloride are removed, and more chlorine is introduced, but the sodium hydroxide is always kept in excess or the soln. will be unstable. A. J. Balard prepared potassium, sodium, and lithium hypochlorites by neutralizing a well-cooled soln. of the base with the acid. E. Soubeiian evaporated in vacuo the liquid obtained by treating a soln. of calcium hypochlorite with sodium carbonate, and obtained, before the liquid had all evaporated, crystals of sodium chloride and of sodium hypochlorite. P. Mayer and R. Schindler obtained solid potassium hypochlorite mixed with potassium hydrocarbonate by the action of chlorine—developed from 10 parts of sodium chloride—on a soln. of 24 parts of potassium hydrocarbonate and one of water. 

Othei hypochlorites include calcium hypochlorite, bleach liquor, bleaching powder and tropical bleach, dibasic magnesium hypochlorite, lithium hypochlorite, chlorinated tnsodium phosphate, and hypochlorous acid. 

Chlorinated isocyanurates are also available in tablet (puck) form, either as fast or slow chlorine release. Powdered oxidizers are usually restricted to calcium or lithium hypochlorite, some isocyanurates, and also some hydantoin (BCDMH, etc.) products. 

Lithium-base greases, especially the stearate, are efficient over an extremely wide temperature range up to 160°C. Lithium hydroxide (LiOH) is a component of the electrolyte in alkaline storage batteries and is employed in the removal of carbon dioxide in submarines and space capsules. Lithium bromide (LiBr) brine is used for air conditioning and dehumidification. Lithium hypochlorite (LiOCl) is a dry bleach used in commercial and home laundries. Lithium chloride (LiCl) is in demand for low-temperature batteries and for aluminum brazing. Other uses of lithium compounds include catalysts, glass manufacture, and, of course, nuclear energy. 

Lipoaldehydes, II, 123 Lipositol, III, 47, 343 Lithium aluminum hydride, for hydrogenation of 1,2-epoxides, V, 22 Lithium chloride, influence upon the activity of pancreatic amylase, V, 237 Lithium hypochlorite, III, 137 Liver, fat conversion by isolated, II, 141 ketogenesis in isolated, II, 155 Lobry de Bruyn-Alberda van Ekenstein transformation, III, 113 Locust bean mucilage, IV, 267 Lucerne seed, emulsins, V, 63 Lucerne seed, mucilage, IV, 266, 267 Lupinus albus, galactan from seed of, II, 248... 

Lithium hypochlorite, LiOCl.—The hypochlorite is very unstable, and has not been isolated. It is formed in solution by the action of chlorine on a solution of lithium hydroxide,... 

Lithium hypochlorite Magnesium nitrate Magnesium perchlorate Strontium chlorate Strontium peroxide Zinc chlorate Nitrogen trioxide... 

SYN LITHIUM HYPOCHLORITE COMPOUND, dt)-, containing more than 39% available chlorine (DOT)... 

LITHIUM HYDROXIDE see LHIlOO UTHIUM HYDROXIDE, solution pOp see LHIlOO LITHIUM HYDROXIDE, monohydrate or lithium hydroxide, sohd pop see LHIlOO LITHIUM HYDROXIDE p(OH)) (9CI) see LHIlOO LITHIUM HYDROXYBUTYRATE see LHM800 LITHIUM 7-HYDROXYBUTYRATE see LHM800 LITHIUM HYPOCHLORITE see LHJOOO... 

A solution of hypochlorite is stable in an excess of alkali, whereas in acid there is a slow conversion to chlorate. The minimum stability of hypochlorite solutions is at pH 6.7 (6.68 and 7-7.13 have also been reported - ) and the maximum stability is at pH 13. There is also a region of high stability in strong acid, where the solute is predominantly composed of chlorine and only very little hypochlorous acid. The rate of decomposition at pH 6.7-7.2 is proportional to the chloride concentration and to the square of the hypochlorite concentration. In slightly alkaline solution the rate is proportional to [0C1-][H0C1]. The catalytic effect of chloride ion is well known buffers " such as acetate, borate and carbonate also have an effect. It has been recommended that the concentration of phosphate buffers be kept below 0.25 M to prevent decomposition of hypochlorite solutions. The catalytic effect of heavy metals, especially copper and iron, has been noted. The effect of various cations is shown in the greater stability of lithium hypochlorite in comparison with the sodium and potassium salts. ... 

Lithium hypochlorite (LiOCl) 762 Cl2Mgi(cr) Magnesium chloride (MgCl2) 810... 

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