Polyurethane rubber PUR

In the synthesis above styrene reacts with butadiene to form long chains while at the same time retaining a double bond per two molecules. Subsequently sulphur is added and sulphur bridges are formed between the remaining double bonds which interconnect the chains. These bridges are represented by small dashes. SBR is for instance used in the manufacture of car tyres. Another elastomer is polyurethane rubber PUR which is used as a foam in head rests. 

Polyurethane rubber (PUR). Not only in the thermosets (and the thermoplastics), but also in the field of synthetic elastomers polyurethanes have found a position, namely as a softer type. It is, again, formed from two components and is, with a blowing agent, processed into a foam. Polyether mattresses belong to this category, but also microcellular structural foams, used in bumpers, head- and arm-rests in motorcars, etc. 

PB PBI PBMA PBO PBT(H) PBTP PC PCHMA PCTFE PDAP PDMS PE PEHD PELD PEMD PEC PEEK PEG PEI PEK PEN PEO PES PET PF PI PIB PMA PMMA PMI PMP POB POM PP PPE PPP PPPE PPQ PPS PPSU PS PSU PTFE PTMT PU PUR Poly(n.butylene) Poly(benzimidazole) Poly(n.butyl methacrylate) Poly(benzoxazole) Poly(benzthiazole) Poly(butylene glycol terephthalate) Polycarbonate Poly(cyclohexyl methacrylate) Poly(chloro-trifluoro ethylene) Poly(diallyl phthalate) Poly(dimethyl siloxane) Polyethylene High density polyethylene Low density polyethylene Medium density polyethylene Chlorinated polyethylene Poly-ether-ether ketone poly(ethylene glycol) Poly-ether-imide Poly-ether ketone Poly(ethylene-2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylate) Poly(ethylene oxide) Poly-ether sulfone Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Phenol formaldehyde resin Polyimide Polyisobutylene Poly(methyl acrylate) Poly(methyl methacrylate) Poly(methacryl imide) Poly(methylpentene) Poly(hydroxy-benzoate) Polyoxymethylene = polyacetal = polyformaldehyde Polypropylene Poly (2,6-dimethyl-l,4-phenylene ether) = Poly(phenylene oxide) Polyp araphenylene Poly(2,6-diphenyl-l,4-phenylene ether) Poly(phenyl quinoxaline) Polyphenylene sulfide, polysulfide Polyphenylene sulfone Polystyrene Polysulfone Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) Poly(tetramethylene terephthalate) Polyurethane Polyurethane rubber... 

If more than one abbreviation is used for a polymer by different manu cturers or suppliers, this is shown in this publication. A particularly confusing group of materials are the polyurethanes, which can be abbreviated as TPU (thermoplastic polyurethane), PUR (polyurethane rubber) or polyurethane TPE (thermoplastic elastomer). The range of possible polyethylenes are also considerable, depending on whether density, molecular weight, copolymerization or blending have been optimised to obtain particular properties. 

PS PSF PSU PTFE PU PUR PVA PVAL PVB PVC PVCA PVDA PVDC PVDF PVF PVOH SAN SB SBC SBR SMA SMC TA TDI TEFE TPA UF ULDPE UP UR VLDPE ZNC Polystyrene Polysulfone (also PSU) Polysulfone (also PSF) Polytetrafluoroethylene Polyurethane Polyurethane Poly(vinyl acetate) Poly(vinyl alcohol) poly(vinyl butyrate) Poly(vinyl chloride) Poly(vinyl chloride-acetate) Poly(vinylidene acetate) Poly(vinylidene chloride) Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Poly(vinyl fluoride) Poly(vinyl alcohol) Styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer Styrene-butadiene copolymer Styrene block copolymer Styrene butadiene rubber Styrene-maleic anhydride (also SMC) Styrene-maleic anhydride (also SMA) Terephthalic acid (also TPA) Toluene diisocyanate Ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer Terephthalic acid (also TA) Urea formaldehyde Ultralow-density polyethylene Unsaturated polyester resin Urethane Very low-density polyethylene Ziegler-Natta catalyst... 

The Danish minister of environment in 1988 announced that within a few years the manufacture and use of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) products had to be reduced as much as technically and economically possible due to their environmental impacts of production, use, and disposal. This preventive environmental policy was mainly based on the emission of hydrogen chloride and dioxins from waste incineration. A study of the technical, economic, and environmental consequences of a substitution was initiated by the National Agency of Environmental Protection. The goal was to collect background data for the upcoming negotiations between the environmental authorities and PVC-industry and manufacturers of PVC products in Denmark. The environmental assessment focused on PVC and 11 alternative materials, such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephtalate (PET), polystyrene (PS), polyurethane (PUR), synthetic rubbers (EPDM, CR and SBR), paper, impregnated wood, and aluminum. ... 

Diisocyanates are an important class of chemicals of commercial interest, which are frequently used in the manufacture of indoor materials. such as adhesives, coatings, foams and rubbers (Ulrich, 1989). In some types of particle board, the diisocyanates have replaced formaldehyde. Isocyanates are characterized by the electrophilic -N=C=0 group, which can easily react with molecules containing hydroxy groups, such as water or alcohols. On hydrolysis with water, primary amines are formed, while a reaction with alcohols leads to carbamates (urethanes). Polyurethane (PUR) products are then obtained from a polyaddition of diisocyanate and diol components. Compounds commonly used in industrial surface technology are 4,4 -diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI). The diisocyanate monomers are known as respiratory sensitizers and cause irritation of eyes, skin and mucous membrane. Therefore, polyisocyanates such as HDI-biuret and HDI-isocyanurate with a monomer content <0.5 % are used for industrial applications, and isocyanate monomers will not achieve high concentrations in ambient air. Nevertheless, it is desirable to measure even trace emissions from materials in private dwellings. 

E/TFE = ethylene/tetrafluoroethylene, E/CTFE = ethylene/chlorotrifluoroethylene, EPE = oxide, E/VAL = ethylene/vinyl alcohol, FEP = tetrafluoroethylene/hexafluoropropylene, FU = furan, pA = polyamide, PCTFE = polychlorotrifluoroethyl-ene, HDPE = high-density polyethylene, PF = propylene formaldehyde, PFA = perfluoro alkoxyalkane, PP = polypropylene, PTFE = polytetrafluoroethylene, PUR = polyurethane, PVC = polyvinyl chloride, PVDF = polyvinylidene fluoride, UP = unsaturated polyester, UP-GF = fiberglass-reinforced unsaturated polyester, VE-GF = fiberglass-reinforced vinyl ester, FU-GF = fiberglass-reinforced furane, EP-GF = fiberglass-reinforced ester, CR = chloroprene rubber, CSM = chlo-rosulfonyl polyethylene, FPM = vinylidene fluoride/hexafluoropropylene copolymer, HR = isobutane-isoprene rubber, NBR = nitrile-butadiene rubber, NR = natural rubber, SBR = styrene-butadiene rubber. 

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polystyrene (PS), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) Ethylene-tetratluoro-ethylene (ETFE), tetrafluoroethylene/ hexafluoropropylene (THV), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) Epoxy resin (EP), polyester resin (UP), phenol resin (PF), resorcin resin (RF), polyurethane (PUR) Styrene-butadiene-rubber (SBR), polybutadiene-rubber (BR), ethylene-propylene-diene-rubber (EPDM)... 

CE cellulosics EVA ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers PA polyamides PES polyesters PO polyolefins POM polyoxymethylenes PUR polyurethanes, polyols RU rubber PS polystyrenes PVC poly(vinyl chloride). 

Figure 1 Polymer interpretation chart. PAI, polyamideimide PC, polycarbonate UP, unsaturated polyester PDAP, diarylate phtalate resin VC-VAc, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer PVAc, polyvinyl acetate PVFM, polyvinyl formal PUR, polyurethane PA, polyamide PMA, methacrylate ester polymer EVA, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer PF, phenol resin EP, epoxide resin PS, polystyrene ABS, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer PPO, polyphenylene oxide P-SULFONE, poly-sulfone PA, polyamide UF, urea resin CN, nitrocellulose PVA, polyvinyl acetate MC, methyl cellulose MF, melamine resin PAN, polyacrylonitrile PVC, polyvinyl chloride PVF, polyvinyl fluoride CR, polychloroprene CHR, polyepichlorohydrin SI, polymethylsiloxane POM, polyoxy-methylene PTFE, polytetrafluoroethylene MOD-PP, modified PP EPT, ethylene-propylene terpolymer EPR, ethylene-propylene rubber PI, polyisoprene BR, butyl rubber PMP, poly(4-methyl pentene-1) PE, poly(ethylene) PB, poly(butene-l). (Adapted from Ref. 22, p. 50.)...

Typical Use Sole attaching - leather. PVC. polyurethane, primed rubber soles, thennoplastic-rubber soles, unprimed composition rubber most synthetic upper materials. Typical Use Bonding PUR materials (elastomer, foam, etc.). ... 

In the late 1930s, Dr. Otto Bayer with IG Farhenindustrie in Germany developed polyurethane technology. Thus polyurethanes (PUR) have been around for as long as some conventional rubbers such as SBR or neoprene. 

The world production of polyurethane was about 16 billion pounds per year in 2010 to make PUR products in rubber, plastics, adhesives, sealants, fabrics, coatings, and both rigid and flexible foams. Over one-half of all polyurethane production goes into the manufacture of foam. Of that quantity, one-half is used to make flexible foam while the remainder is used to produce rigid foam. However, only about 800 million pounds of this production is used globally for high-performance rubber applications. 

MARISTICK 1750 Subfloor polyurethane adhesive from M-D Co Semi-rigid, two -component, without solvents Premium grade quick curing PUR foam adhesive Adhesion of metal, wood and ceramic tiles on horizontal and vertical surfaces Subfloor, plywood, gypsum, foamboards, block, fibreboard, drywaU, wallboard, brick, hardboard Provides elasticity of hard rubber, excellent adhesion without shrinkage, cures by crosslinking even at very low temperatures... 

Polyurethane (PUR), being polar and having a lower molecular mass compared to natural rubber, was supposed to intercalate better with LS. Moreover, the addition of PUR latex to NR latex can make the former cheaper without affecting the mechanical properties. Latex blends with various PUR/NR ratios... 

---