Germany development

In the 1930s, the Raschig Co. in Germany developed a different chlorobenzene-phenol process in which steam with a calcium phosphate catalyst was used to hydrolyze chlorobenzene to produce phenol (qv) and HCl (6). The recovered HCl reacts with air and benzene over a copper catalyst (Deacon Catalyst) to produce chlorobenzene and water (7,8). In the United States, a similar process was developed by the BakeHte Division of Union Carbide Corp., which operated for many years. The Durez Co. Hcensed the Raschig process and built a plant in the United States which was later taken over by the Hooker Chemical Corp. who made significant process improvements. 

President Franklin Roosevelt to warn him of the possibility of Nazi Germany developing atomic weapons. 

IG IG-Farbcnindustric in Germany developed many processes before World War n, but the one most associated with its name is probably the Aldol process for making butadiene for synthetic rubber. The name has been used also for the Bergius-Pier process. 

Table 2,p Ger 6 in PATR 2510 gives compns of Ammonits in Germany developed during WW II... 

Another professional organization headquartered in central Europe, APV (International Association for Pharmaceutical Technology, Mainz, Germany), developed the topic further in two seminars in Gelsenkirchen in late 1981 and early 1982 [6]. Speakers from industry demonstrated how validation could be applied to industrial activities and how a balance between resources allocation and results could be achieved. Oral dosage forms, topicals, and sterile products, as well as analytical methods during development, transfer, and production phases were discussed. 

Cuprammonium A process for making regenerated cellulose fibers. Cellulose, from cotton or wood, is dissolved in ammoniacal copper sulfate solution (Schweizer s reagent, also called cuprammonium sulfate). Injection of this solution into a bath of dilute sulfuric acid regenerates the cellulose as a fiber. The process was invented in 1891 by M. Fremery and J. Urban at the Glanzstoff-Fabriken, Germany, developed there, and subsequently widely adopted worldwide. See also Bemberg, Chardonnet, Viscose. 

Hirsch, P. Rades-Rohkohl, E. (1983). Microbial diversity in a ground water aquifer in northern Germany. Developments in Industrial Microbiology, 24, 183-200. 

The Merck Company of Darmstadt, Germany developed the OXIFRIT FRIT-EST to measure oil quality in frying operations, especially in restaurants. The Fritest measures the alkali color number to indicate oxidized fatty acid (OFA) and the Oxifrit Test measures oxidation products in the fryer oil. Both tests are colorimetric and use a solvent-based reagent system. The test methodology is too comphcated for the restaurant personnel. 

C Process (Croning Process of Precision Cast-ing). During Croning of Germany developed a... 

Editor Marion Flertel, Fleidelberg, Germany Development Editor Sylvia Blago, Fleidelberg, Germany... 

In 1898 Frank and Caro in Germany developed the cyanamide route, in which very high temperatures were used to fix elemental nitrogen to obtain calcium cyanamide from calcium carbide (Eq. 11.4). Hydrolysis of calcium cyanamide then produced ammonia and calcium carbonate (Eq. 11.5). For many years the cyanamide produced predominantly went into ammonia synthesis. 

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