Bayer, Otto

Bayer, Otto, 197-199 BB monomers, 11-12 BCPPO. See Bis(4-chlorophenyl)phenyl phosphine oxide (BCPPO)... 

The history of polyurethanes begins with Otto Bayer3 at Germany s I. G. Farben-industrie (tire predecessor company of Bayer AG4) in 1937, tire year of tire first disclosure of diisocyanate addition polymerization to form polyurethanes and polyureas. The main impetus for this work was tire success of Wallace Caro titers... 

Rolf Miilhaupt for his generous support, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, the Fonds der Chemischen Industrie, the Otto-Rohm-Gedachtnisstiftung and Bayer AG for financial support. 

Otto Bayer produced PUs in the 1940 s by reacting diisocyanates, such as tolyl diisocyanate, with dihydric alcohols, such as ethylene glycol. In another experiment he added a diisocyanate to cure synthetic rubber (SR) containing hydroxyl groups. The rubber was cured (vulcanized), but it stuck to the mold. Variations of products from these two experiments are now used as two-component adhesives for bonding footwear and automotive plastic parts. 

The purpose of early work on the development of polyurethanes was to find an alternative to nylon. The early developments by Otto Bayer led to the first patents and to the development of fibers and foams. The most common fibers made from polyurethane are Perlon and Spandex. 

The first important commercial development was a result of the work of Professor Otto Bayer in 1937, who discovered how to make a polymer using diisocyanates employing an additional polymerization technique when working on a polymer fiber to compete with nylon. Initially, the development was considered impracticable. In 1938, Rinke and associates succeeded in producing a low-viscosity melt that could be formed into fibers. This led to the production of many different types of polyurethanes. 

The authors are grateful to all project partners involved in this research investigation, and especially to BASF AG, Bayer AG, Thyssen Still Otto Anlagentechnik GmbH, Institut fur Prozess- und Anlagentechnik (TU Berlin). They also thank the Volkswagen-Foundation (Project No. 1/70 875, 876, 877) for financial support. 

Polyurethanes. Polyurethanes were discovered in the thirties by Otto Bayer and have proved to be very versatile. It is possible by modifying the chemistry of the precursors to make products ranging from flexible expanded materials to hard, rigid resins—and similar scope is available also in designing polyurethanes for adhesives. 

Otto Bayer discovers the polyaddition synthesis of polyurethanes and proves that some form of cross linking is necessary for reversible elasticity... 

Auschwitz was the largest mass extermination factory in human history. Few people know that Auschwitz was a 100% subsidiary of IG Farben which now lives on as the Bayer Aspirin company. On April 14, 1941, in Ludwigshafen, Otto Armbrust, the IG Farben board member responsible for the Auschwitz project, stated to his IG Farben board colleagues, "our new friendship with the SS is a blessing. We have determined all measures integrating the concentration camps to benefit our company." The pharmaceutical departments of the IG Farben cartel used the victims of the concentration camps in their own way thousands of them died during human experiments such as the testing of new and unknown vaccines. 

At the ripe old age of 31, Otto Bayer, who just happened to have the same surname as the famous German company that he worked for, Farbenfabriken Bayer A.G., became the head of their Central Scientific Laboratory in Leverkusen. This was in 1934 and Otto Bayer s initial focus was on dyestuff chemistry, a field in which German chemists excelled. But he realized that the future of the company required diversification into new areas of industrial chemistry. Crop protection and the emerging field of macromolecu-lar science appeared to offer considerable potential. 

Otto Bayer was aware of the work of Staudinger and Carothers. He was particularly impressed with the latter s discovery of polyamides and its implications for the fiber and textile industries. He knew that in the condensation (linear step-growth) polymerization used to prepare nylon and polyesters a small molecule, usually water, is formed and has to be removed. 

Dr. Deisenhofer is a Foreign Associate of the National Academy of Sciences (Washington, D.C., 1997) and a Member of the Academia Europaea (1989). He shared the Biological Physics Prize of the American Physical Society (1986) and the Otto-Bayer-Preis (Germany, 1988) with Hartmut Michel. He received The Knight Commander s Cross of the... 

During the 1950s, a new use for aniline was in the production of the thermoplastic polyurethanes. These relied on derivatives made from either aniline or nitrotoluenes, the latter reduced to toluidines such as 106, to yield diisocyanates, typically 107 (Schemes 34 and 35). Otto Bayer at I.G. Farben had worked on polyurethane foams during World War II and details of the processes were obtained by the Allied commissions120. 

The first urethane was synthesised, by this route, as early as 1849 by Wurtz [6,16,22,30]. In 1937, following very systematic and intensive research works at IG Farbenindustrie, in Germany, Dr. Otto Bayer synthesised the first polyurethane, by the reaction of a diisocyanate with a polyester having two terminal hydroxyl groups (called polyester diol, in fact an a,(o-telechelic polymer with terminal hydroxyl groups) [1,2] ... 

The first polyurethane synthesised by Dr Otto Bayer, in 1937, at IG Farbenindustrie (Germany), by the reaction of a polyester diol with a diisocyanate, opened a new way in macromolecular chemistry that is the synthesis of polymers by a new reaction, called polyaddition reaction. 

Urethane coatings were first developed by Otto Bayer and his coworkers in the laboratories of the I. G. Farbenindustry, today s Farbenfabriken Bayer, in Leverkusen, West Germany. Although... 

Bayer, 0. Bios Final Report No. 719, "Interview with Professor Otto Bayer," July 1946. 

Polynrethane (PU) was first synthesized in the 1930s by German chemist Otto Bayer (1902-1982), who was trying to prepare a nylonfike fiber. PU is a versatile polymer that is used for rigid and flexible foams, bristles, coatings, fibers, and automobile parts, such as bumpers. Other synthetics are nsed in products such as stretchable fabrics and binders for paints. 

The basic process for making polyurethanes is first developed by German chemist Otto Bayer. 

---