Pollution control Waste minimization

Based on the identified hazards and standards set, controls are developed to ensure safe operating conditions. The control of chemical hazards is, in general, no different than controlling other hazards, i.e., radiological hazards. An integrated process to identify and apply the hierarchy of controls (engineering, administrative, and personal protective equipment), including pollution prevention/waste minimization options, should be in place as part of the site s ISMS. 

In the UK the Environmental Proteetion Aet 1990 established an interloeking framework for pollution eontrol. Integrated Pollution Control (IPC) introdueed a new approaeh with waste minimization at its eentre and a eommitment to higher environmental standards. The latter is based upon seleetion of the Best Praetieal Environmental Option (BPEO), i.e. ... 

The volume represents the initial fulfillment of a series, and is aimed at assisting process engineers, plant managers, environmental consultants, water treatment plant operators, and students. Subsequent volumes are intended to cover air pollution controls, and solid waste management and minimization. 

This act completely reformed arrangements for controlling pollution at national and local levels and created a complete interlocking framework for pollution control. It introduced integrated pollution control (IPC), a new approach with waste minimization at its centre and a commitment to higher environmental standards via the concept of the best practical environmental option (BPEO). The reform of waste disposal is designed to minimize waste and maximize recycling. 

The CAA compliance deadline may cause companies to install simple end-of-pipe emissions controls, instead of pollution prevention process changes. In order to limit this practice and encourage waste minimization, U.S. EPA allows owners and operators of combustion facilities to request a one-year extension to the compliance period in cases where additional time is needed to install pollution prevention and waste minimization measures that reduce the amount of hazardous waste entering combustion feedstreams.16 Requests for a one-year extension must reasonably document that the waste minimization measures could not be installed in time to meet the three-year compliance period. Decisions to grant the extensions will be made by U.S. EPA or authorized state programs. 

Oman, D.E. 1988. "Waste Minimization in the Foundry Industry." USEPA/Joumal of the Air Pollution Control Association series Waste Minimization. Vol. 38, No. 7 932-940. 

Foecke, T. L. March 1988. "Waste Minimization in the Electronics Products Industries." Journal of The Air Pollution Control Association. 

Preservation of a habitable planet demands that we minimize waste production and responsibly dispose of waste that is generated (Box 2-1). Recycling of chemicals is practiced in industry for economic as well as ethical reasons it should be an important component of pollution control in your lab. 

Armour, M.A., Laboratory methods for disposal of toxic inorganic and organic chemicals, in Hazardous Waste Control in Research and Education, Pollution Prevention and Waste Minimization in Laboratories, Reinhardt, P.A. etal., Eds., Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL, 1995, p. 105 Haz. Mat. Spills Tec., 29.7. 

Armour, M.A., Browne, L.M., and Weir, G.L., J. Chem. Educ., 62, A93,1985 Armour, M.A., J. Chem. Educ., 65, A64, 1988 Armour, M.A., Laboratory methods for disposal of toxic inorganic and organic chemicals, in Hazardous Waste Control in Research and Education, Korenaga, T. etal., Eds., Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL, 1994, p. 101 Armour, M.A., Chemical treatment methods to minimize waste, in Pollution Prevention and Waste Minimization in Laboratories, Reinhardt, P.A. et al., Eds., Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL, 1995, p. 289. 

Process Engineering for Pollution Control and Waste Minimization, edited by Donald L. Wise and Debra J. Trantolo... 

The next paragraphs discuss the inadequacy of end-of-pipe pollution control approaches, waste management hierarchy, incentives gained from adopting waste minimization practices, barriers to effective waste minimization, and applications of waste minimization programs in drilling operations. The following is a summary. 

The shift of emphasis from end-of-pipe waste management and pollution control to waste minimization is not without its obstacles [16, 17, 20-23]. However, the barriers to waste minimization are similar to those of any other major change in business practices. The recognition of the hazards, liabilities, and costs associated with hazardous waste generation is relatively new to the industrial community and there are significant limitations on available financial resources, information, and technical capabilities. Waste minimization can be further limited by institutional barriers due to the persistent end-of-pipe outlook on hazardous wastes that is common to both government and industry. Some of the barriers to waste minimization include [16,20-23,28-30,36,37] ... 

Waste disposal hazards are effectively controlled. The air/water pollution potential is minimal... 

Yun CH, Guha AK, Prasad R, and Sirkar KK. Novel microporous membrane-based separation processes for pollution control and waste minimization. In Sawyer DT and Martell AE Eds. Industrial Environmental Chemistry Waste Minimization in Industrial Processes and Remediation of Hazardous Waste. Proceedings of the Texas A M University, lUCCP 10th Annual Symposium on Industrial Environmental Chemistry Waste Minimization in Industrial Processes and Remediation of Hazardous Waste, March 24-26, Plenum, New York 1992 pp. 135-146. 

In accordance with the norms prescribed by the Environment Protection Agencies or Pollution Control Boards in various states of India and other countries, liquid effluents in any case are to be treated properly before discharge. Total solid content and pH of the liquid effluents after treatment are important parameters. Accordingly the right and logical solution will be to remove the soluble salts as sellable by-products and discharge the neutral effluents having pH in the proximity of 7. This will call for waste recovery systems and minimize waste streams. 

The substitution of hot air purging for washing the chamber and detonation debris with decontamination solution removed a set of operations that probably constituted a significant risk of agent exposure. The improvements to the pollution control system seem to have minimized agent-contaminated waste materials (Bixler, 2005). 

Multiple authors present a cross-disciplinary look at waste minimization. Topics covered include principles of dean production, profiting from pollution prevention, product lifecycle assessment, risk reduction and chemical control, economic policy and environmental assurance, and liability for the environment... 

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