New Economic Policy

The process of collectivization where the number of collective farms went from roughly 33,300 in 1928 to 242,400 in 1938, caused production to plummet, especially after the final push for collectivization in 1930. It was not until 1933 that grain production reached the levels of the New Economic Policy (see Table 15.1) and not until 1937 that agriculture in the USSR regained the levels it had in 1913 (Jackson, 1980 Nove, 1992 Sotsialisticheskoe StroiteVstvo SSSR, 1934 Sotsialisticheskoe StroiteVstvo, 1939). 

Wheatcraft, S. G. (1991). Agriculture. In R. W. Davies (Ed.), From Tsarism to the New Economic policy Continuity and change in the economy of the USSR (pp. 79-103). Ithaca Cornell University Press. 

Work in the [riw] program coincided with a far-reaching reform of European chemicals policy. This opened up extensive opportunities for not only an analytical, but also consultative (interventional) accompaniment of this extensive institutional innovation . For SubChem this was primarily a matter of developing some fundamental correlations and founded (quahtative) arguments regarding possible ecological, health and economic opportunities and risks arising from the EU Commission s proposals for a new chemicals policy. Contributions for operationalisation of the precautionary principle and the economic effects of the REACH process to be expected were particularly in demand. 

John Wheeler-Bennett, John Anderson, Viscount Waverley (London and New York Macmillan, 1962), pp. 258-71, 275, 315-16 Alec Caimcross and Nita Watts, The Economic Seaion 1939-1961 A Study in Economic Advising (London Routledge, 1989), pp. 28-69 D.N. Chester, The central machinery for economic policy , in D.N. Chester (ed.). Lessons of the British War Economy (Cambridge University Press, 1951), pp. 5-33 Thomas Wilson, Churchill and the /Vo/(London Cassell, 1995). 

Solutions to America s interrelated problems of scarce energy, clean environment, and price inflation require a comprehensive analysis of the economic consequences of policy alternatives before policy is changed. Major policy changes, in the face of resource scarcities, are greatly modifying the structure of the economy. Structural changes are resulting in totally new economic trends in supplies, demands, and prices. 

Moran, M., A.L. Ropars, J. Guzman, J. Diaz, and C. Garrison. 2005. The New Landscape of Neglected Disease Drug Development. London School of Economics Policy Report, Pharmaceutical R D Policy Project, 1-106. Available at http //www.lse.ac.uk [Accessed November 4, 2005]. 

J. Canton and C.H. Allen, A Microeconomic Model to Assess the Economic Impacts of the EU s New Chemicals Policy, Commission of the European Communities Brussels, Belgium, 2003. 

The pharmaceuticd industry in the UK has a worldwide reputation, and has been particularly successful in the discovery and development of important new medicines. Government economic policy is aimed at providing a cost-effective health service whilst maintaining an economic environment for safeguarding the success of the pharmaceutical industry. 

One consequence of a full world, ecological economists say, is that the human economy has evolved from one in which human capital was the limiting factor to one in which remaining natural capital is the limiting factor. Natural capital is the stock that produces a flow of natural resources - forests that yield lumber, petroleum reserves that yield petrochemicals, and so on. If the pattern of scarcity has fundamentally evolved to a new condition - as ecological economists believe it has - then economic policies should aim to preserve, and where possible increase, natural capital and enhance the efficiency of its use, rather than merely continuing to liquidate natural capital to accumulate human capital. 

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