Chemical Treatment Methods

The chemical treatment methods reduce dispersability property, of drilling fluids through the increase of size of cuttings which improves separation and prevents the buildup of colloidal solids in the mud. These methods include ionic inhibition, cuttings encapsulation, oil phase inhibition (with oil-base muds), and flocculation. The mechanical solids removal methods are based on the principles presented in Table 4-55. 

Bioremediation offers several advantages over conventional methods of waste treatment such as landfilling or incineration. Bioremediation can be done on site, it is often less expensive, involves minimal site disruption, eliminates waste permanently, eliminates long-term liability, has greater public acceptance with regulatory encouragement, and can be coupled with other physical or chemical treatment methods. 

Table 16.7 and Table 16.8 summarize some promising in situ chemical treatment methods for organics and inorganics that can be applied to soil. Some of them can also be applied to groundwater. 

Summary of In Situ Chemical Treatment Methods for Organics... 

Surfactant washing is among the most promising in situ chemical treatment methods. Surfactants can improve the solvent property of the flushing water, emulsify nonsoluble organics, and enhance the removal of hydrophobic organics sorbed onto soil particles. 

Offers better treatment efficiency than chemical treatment methods. 

Nonthermal processes There are a number of chemical treatment methods developed and used for the processing of hazardous chemical waste. These methods are briefly discussed in the next sections. 

Stabilization (1) Stage of an incident when the immediate problem or emergency has been controlled, contained, or extinguished. (2) Hazardous waste chemical treatment method by which a chemical reaction produces an insoluble form of tire waste or incorporates the waste into a form that is insoluble. 

Another thing is what you just mentioned, that many contaminants are not analyzed according to standardized analytical procedures. That is one of the biggest problems, of course. For water treatment methods, we do not prefer the chemical treatment methods but the physical treatment methods. Thus, we are trying to remove things and not to introduce things. This is important. That is our philosophy. 

This paper highlights two of the four chemical treatment methods which have been used quite extensively in the foundry industry. 

Armour, M.A., Chemical treatment methods to minimize waste, in Pollution Prevention and... 

Armour, M.A., Disposal methods for some known or suspect chemical carcinogens, in Recent Advances of Chemistry and Molecular Biology in Cancer Research, Dai, Q., Armour, M.A., and Zheng, Q., Eds., Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, 1993, p. 315 Armour, M.A., Chemical treatment methods to minimize waste, in Pollution Prevention and Waste Minimization in Laboratories, Reinhardt, P.A. et al., Eds., Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL, 1995, p. 283. 

Armour, M.A., Chemical treatment methods to minimize waste, in Pollution Prevention and Waste Minimization in Laboratories, Reinhardt, P.A. et al., Eds., Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL, 1996, p. 282. 

Review of Process Alternatives, Superior Graphite began in 1968 to investigate possible alternatives for desulfurization of petroleum cokes. The methods considered included various chemical treatments and direct thermal purification processes. The chemical treatment methods included hydrodesulfurization and reactions with various alkali metal compounds. Fine grinding of the coke appeared to be required and reaction conditions generally involved high pressure. 

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