Waste control

Uniform, rehable flow of bulk soflds can allow the production of quaUty products with a minimum of waste, control dust and noise, and extend the hfe of a plant and maximi2e its productivity and output. By conducting laboratory tests and utili2ing experts with experience in applying soflds flow data, plant start-up delays that can impact schedule and cost can be eliminated. 

In-Plant Waste Control. Pollution can be reduced or eliminated by process modification, chemical and raw materials substitution, or recovery of by-products. In addition, process modification generally increases product yield by incorporating control devices. 

SPECIAL WASTE Controlled waste which is subject to special regulations regarding its control and disposal because of its difficult or dangerous characteristics. The UK definition of special waste is similar, but not identical, to the EC s hazardous waste. 

USEPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 1988. Pesticide Waste Control Technology. Park Ridge, N.J. Noyes Data Corporation. 

There is an important feedback factor which cannot be properly evaluated at this time. It concerns future municipal investment in a specific waste control system. This could result in legislation controlling the input of important potential waste materials to the municipality. For example large capital investment in a heat/energy recovery system based on incineration might induce legislative restrictions on low calorific materials like metals and glass. 

Kushner, J.B. and Kushner, A.S., Water and Waste Control for the Plating Shop, Hanser Gardner, 3rd ed., 1994. 

Farmer, W. J. Yang, M.-S. Letey, J. Spencer, W. F. "Land Disposal of Hexachlorobenzene Wastes Controlling Vapor Movement in Soil" U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory Cincinnati, Ohio, 1980 EPA 600/2-80-119. 

Chemical analyses are mainly used for detecting hazard of liquid and solid wastes [175]. Governmental orders and laws regulate the evaluation of hazard of effluent by toxicological tests. Waste control includes the determination of 30 chemical parameters, coliform count, and the result of ecotoxicological test (D. magna test). Category of toxicity ... 

The hazardous waste identification regulations that define the characteristics of toxicity, ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, and the tests for these characteristics, differ from state to state. In addition, concentration limits may be set out by a state for selected persistent and bioaccumulative toxic substances that commonly occur in hazardous substances. For example, the California Hazardous Waste Control Act requires the California State Department of Health Services (CDHS) to develop and adopt by regulation criteria and guidelines for the identification of hazardous wastes and extremely hazardous wastes. 

Pretreatment and recovery of various useful byproducts such as solvents, acids, sodium sulfate, fermentation solids, and fermentation beers comprise a very important waste control strategy for pharmaceutical plants. Such an approach not only makes expensive biological treatment unnecessary, but also gives economic returns in recovery of valuable byproducts [19,21,28-33]. 

Recovery of valuable products from penicillin, riboflavin, streptomycin, and vitamin B12 fermentation has been recommended as a viable waste control strategy when incorporated into animal feeds or supplements. Penicillin wastes, when recovered for animal feed, are reported to contain valuable growth factors, mycelium, and likewise evaporated spray-dried soluble matter [31,32,34]. 

Recovery of sodium sulfate from waste is an important waste control strategy within synthetic organic pharmaceutical plants. A sodium sulfate waste recovery system was employed... 

Based on extensive experience in wastewater reduction and recovery experience at Bristol Labs (Syracuse, NY) and at the Upjohn Company (Kalamzoo, Michigan), the following practices have been recommended for waste control and recovery of byproducts in pharmaceutical industries [8,9,36,37] ... 

Barker, W.G. Schwarz, D. Engineering processes for waste control. Civil Engng. Progress 1961, 65, 58-61. 

J.S. Hirschorn. 1983. Technologies and Management Strategies for Hazardous Waste Control. OTA-M-196, Office of Technology Assessment. Washington, D.C. 

The ban on the use of leaded gasoline in the 1970s produced one of the most successful episodes in the search for the control of air pollutants. As already noted, the concentration of lead in the air dropped dramatically and to very low levels within a matter of years after the ban was put into place. Currently, efforts to control lead emissions focus on improving the methods used to remove lead from air and water wastes of smelters, metal processing plants, and other such plants. The most common systems currently used are variations of traditional waste control techniques in which physical devices (such as baghouses) or chemical systems (such as precipitation reactions) are used to extract particles of lead from wastes. 

Cost savings using poplar trees can range from 50,000 to 100,000 per acre ( 120,000 to 140,000 per hectare) when compared to traditional waste control methods used at municipal... 

Bell, A. V. 1976. Waste controls at base metal mines. Environmental Science and Technology, 10, 130. 

This chapter will explain how polyurethanes can play important roles in achieving acceptable equilibrium. Before we begin that discussion, we should discuss our most visible environmental problem — treatment of human waste. In the previous section, we covered the establishment of the equilibrium of SOCs, VOCs, and lOCs. The environmental effects of our daily existence resulting from personal hygiene and personal waste control are of immediate concern. Arguably, the types of pollution mentioned in the previous paragraphs warrant continuous monitoring. Human sanitary waste disposal requires continuous action. 

ORDER FORM FOR CALIFORNIA HAZARDOUS WASTE CONTROL LAWS AND REGULATIONS... 

Copies of hazardous waste control laws and regulations administered by the California Department of Health Services may be ordered by completing the form below and mailing it with the applicable payment to ... 

Appendices G through J identify the regulatory agencies that may be contacted with questions on the management of hazardous wastes. Appendix F has Form DHS 8400 (6/87). This form can be used to obtain copies of California hazardous waste control laws and regulations. 

Identify penalties for non-compliance with hazardous waste control laws and regulations. 

Exempt recyclable materials from hazardous waste control requirements if they meet certain conditions. 

Kushner, Joseph B. 1976. Water and Waste Control for the Plating Shop. 

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