Policy issues, discussion

Green Chemistry An Introductory Text by Lancaster (25) [UM, GR]. This textbook includes some green engineering material and addresses policy issues. Discussion questions are provided at the end of each chapter. See ref 24 for a book review. 

The aim of surviving or thriving as an organic farmer can be accomplished in many ways. One component of survival is the financial viability of the farm. Farm returns ate influenced by input use, total production, product prices and market access, that is, production and marketing issues. A summary of issues is provided here to serve as a background for the policy issues, discussed in the next section. 

EURACHEM is a network of organizations in Europe, having the objective of establishing a system for the international traceability of chemical measurements and the promotion of good quality practices. It provides a forum for the discussion of common problems and for developing an informed and considered approach to both technical and policy issues. 

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (1979). Toxic Substances Control Act Premanufacture testing of new chemical substances. Guidance for premanufacture testing Discussion of policy issues, alternative approaches and tests methods. 44 FR 16240-16292. 

The purpose of this book is to investigate public policy issues in pharmaceutical innovation. In Section II we first describe the important characteristics of prescription drugs. We emphasize that these characteristics deviate from the standard conditions in a competitive market. In Section III we discuss the current performance of the pharmaceutical market. In Section IV we investigate market failures that persist in allocating research and development (R D) resources and in the utilization of prescription drugs. In Section V we analyze the policy conflict between the economic and health sectors arising from pharmaceutical innovation. The final section discusses the structure of the book and the major content of the chapters. 

Kates, Don B., John K. Lattimer, and James R. Bowen. The Great American Gun Debate. San Francisco Pacific Research Institute for Public Policy, 1997. Discusses all aspects of the gun debate, including defensive gun use, guns as a public health problem, media bias in coverage of gun issues, and the Second Amendment and the philosophy of self-defense. Generally, the book has a pro-gun rights perspective. 

In general, policy analysts examine sources of conflict in a market society and determine what the government might do to improve firm and consumer choices. This book examines the specific issue of chemicals in our modern industrial society and discusses how government can enhance public health. In this context, important policy issues include ... 

Macoun, Robert, and Peter Reuter. Cross-National Drug Policy. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, vol. 582, July 2002. Thousand Oaks, Calif. SAGE Publications, 2002. This volume is a collection of papers on drug policy issues in many nations. Topics discussed include drug law enforcement, harm minimization, and legalization, as well as the economic, social, and political aspects of black markets in illegal drugs in Colombia, Iran, and Russia. 

Perl, Raphael. Drug Control International Policy and Approaches. Washington, D.C. Congressional Research Service, 2003. Also available online. URL http //www.thememoryhole.org/crs/IB88093.pdf. This brief report provides an overview of current U.S. policies toward narcotics-producing nations with regard to eradication of narcotic crops, interdiction, law enforcement, international cooperation, sanctions and economic assistance, and development of institutions. This is followed by a discussion of policy issues involving e.xpansion of efforts in these various areas. 

Randall, Blanchard, IV. Medical Use of Marijuana Policy and Regulatory Issues. Washington, D.C. Congressional Research Service, 2002. Describes the development of the medical marijuana issue and summarizes and analyzes policy issues. Government regulatory decisions, congressional proposals, and state ballot initiatives are also discussed. 

From the author s immersion experiences as well as the wide ambit of issues discussed in the research literature, several frames of analysis can be identified. First, the focus of attention is on academic tourism research and its purposes. This kind of research can be distinguished from government and industry-based research efforts that have some different overall agendas (Jafari, 1990 Pearce, 1993a). The agendas for government-based studies are much more directed towards market analysis, statistics collection schemes that inform policy and provide classifications of activity. The consultancy-based work conducted for industry organisations and busi-... 

The following is an exchange between industry and policy representatives discussing this issue ... 

The U.S. government is responsible for disposition of the SNF and high level waste. Because of the waste issues discussed above and concerns about nuclear proliferation, spent fuel policy is a politically charged issue. It is also inherently tied to the future success or failine of nuclear power as a future energy option for the U.S. 

New methods of inter-active ways of debating issues, including perceived costs and benefits of specific measures must also be developed and fed into policy decisions. Discussions and decisions in the context of risk issues are interdisciplinary and must be tackled across boundaries of expertise for an intensive exchange of ideas. Risk communicators should be aware of and remember the different risk perspectives and take them into account in Iheir risk communication efforts. 

Committee of Revision, summaries of issues discussed by the Drug Standards Division Executive Committee, and various tabulations or lists that aid in keeping track of the multifaceted revision program. A section called Stimuli to the Revision Process publishes reports or statements of authoritative committees, scientific articles relevant to compendial issues, general commentaries by interested parties, and collations of comments received in response to policy initiatives. A recent addition is a section on International Harmonization. 

International Institute for Labour Studies Established in 1960, the ILO International Institute for Labour Studies in Geneva promotes a wider study and public discussion of policy issues of concern to the ILO and its constituents, through systematic interaction between the Organization and the international academic community, and other policymakers. The central theme of its activities is the interaction between labor institutions, economic growth, and equity. The Institute s means of action include research networks, social policy forums, courses and seminars, visiting scholar and internship programs, and publications. 

The Consultation NAP was based on a two-stage allocation approach, in which sector-level allocations were based on projected business as usual emissions including relevant environmental policies. However, because of the misalignment issues discussed above, most sector emissions projections were calculated in a bottom-up fashion from installation-level historic emissions data. Sector growth rates were then applied to the bottom-up historical emissions totals to arrive at future projections. 

This paper focuses on research approaches and methods used to assess the effectiveness of government programs that are Intended to achieve these objectives. The overriding purpose of this paper is to discuss the research methods that have been or might be used to best advantage in assessing policy issues associated with the commercialization of Federally funded R D. This paper begins by... 

Many science pohcy controversies related to risk assessment focus on specific, narrow questions, such as whether to use animal or human data, the shape of the dose-response curve, how data on mechanism or mode of action should affect the risk assessment, and how to treat susceptible subpopulations. Many of these specific questions are discussed elsewhere in this volume. The analysis here, while touching on many of these specific questions as examples, will instead emphasize the broader structural and institutional aspects of how science policy issues affect risk assessment. These broader issues include ... 

Annual report copies of the annual report and CER were received. The annual report contains a comprehensive business review and, as well as the financial statements, has sections titled Human Resources Safety, Health and the Environment Corporate Social Investment and Commercial Policy and Procedures . The section on H SE discusses some of the issues discussed in the CER, to which the reader is referred. 

Thorough discussion of legal, ethical, and policy issues related to DNA patenting. D. Resnik, Owning the Genome A Moral Analysis of DNA Patenting, S.U.N.Y. Press, Albany, New York, 2004. 

The list of design parameters is not meant to be exhaustive. Banking, for example, constitutes another important design feature, but banking does not raise the issue of trade-offs in scheme design, because it supports all of the policy objectives discussed here. 

As can be seen, legalization, decriminalization, and harm reduction are not synonymous. The statements in the NDCS and the letter by Congressman Souder attempt to equate these concepts. By doing so, there is an attempt to dissuade people from engaging in a reasonable discussion about the variety of policy issues and strategies incotporated in the terms l ahzation, decriminalization, and harm reduction. You may have noticed that the 1999 NDCS attempts to associate harm reduction with totally unrelated, emotional issues such as crack babies. ... 

---