Academic communities

New lonomer Types. There is a continuing interest in new ionomers within the academic community, since novel and unexpected phenomena are frequently being discovered. However, there are still many unanswered questions with respect to the ethylene ionomers, especially the influence of ionic bonding on crystalline stmcture. Continued study of these interesting polymers will close the gaps in knowledge of this area of polymer science. 

In 1999 CambridgeSoft released a desktop/personal version of an e-notebook, specifically targeted at medicinal chemistry this incorporated reaction drawing and searching, automatic stoichiometry calculations, and simple procedure write-up using plain text. This system was adopted both by individuals, particularly in the academic community, and by small and mediumsized companies as an alternative to building an in-house hybrid system (Fig. 9.2). 

The net result, at any rate, is that there has not been a strong need, apparently, to develop alternative systems and/or these systems have not gained wide popularity and use within the industrial and academic communities in the field. When this has been attempted, no clear wirmer has emerged when consideration was given to advantages and disadvantages of potential alternatives [6] and to an increase in the complexity of data analysis and automation. 

Chemistry really should be at the heart of this revolution in materials. Chemistry is the discipline that has been associated with the study of matter that is the science of chemistry. Moreover, chemistry is also the discipline associated with the purposeful manipulation of matter at the atomic and molecular level. But, in terms of materials chemistry, the time is right because of the ability to do analysis at an unprecedented level of resolution. However, our academic system has not yet responded for our students because our laboratory and lecture subjects have not yet included the dramatic advances in analytical capability. This is an important charge to the academic community. 

Over the last 10 years there has been a major initiative to bring HTS into the academic community. The NIH roadmap has a mission to build a better toolbox for medical research in the twenty-first century and to empower the research community to use small molecule compounds in their research, whether as tools to perturb genes and pathways, as imaging probes in basic or clinical applications, or as starting points to the development of new therapeutics for human disease. 

Fritz K. Ringer. The Decline of the German Mandarins The German Academic Community, 1890-1933. Cambridge, MA Harvard University Press, 1969. Source for German professorate. 

After receiving an enthusiastic and active response and support from the academic community, particularly the organophosphorus chemists, we intensified our efforts to bring out the special volume, Phosphorus Heterocycles II at the earliest and now it is in your hands. 

The success of unit operations can be related, in the end, to its ability to serve the various interests of a professional community, an academic community, and a complex industrial... 

Crystallographic software comes in two categories, free software, and commercial software. In most cases, these software packages exist quite comfortably side by side and are often compatible with each other. There are advantages to each type of software, but as a member of the academic community and operating on a limited budget, my personal experience with commercial software is quite limited. 

In 1973, the Arab oil embargo and the sudden escalation in crude oil prices (Figures 1,2) and availability placed refiners under great economic pressures to process more abundant, less expensive, metals-contaminated crude oils and residuum feedstocks. The need for metals-resistant FCC became apparent, and work on understanding metal-catalyst interactions became an area of intense research in industrial laboratories and in the academic community. 

Fast deactivation rates due to coking and the limited hydrothermal stability of pillared clays have probably retarded the commercial development of these new type of catalysts and prevented (to date) their acceptance by chemical producers and refiners. However, there is a large economic incentive justifying efforts to convert inexpensive (i.e. 40-100/ton) smectites into commercially viable (pillared clay) catalysts (56). Therefore, it is believed that work on the chemical modification of natural (and synthetic) clays, and work on the preparation and characterization of new pillared clays with improved hydrothermal stability are, and will remain, areas of interest to the academic community, as well as to researchers in industrial laboratories (56). 

Despite an intensive research effort over the past two decades involving many innovative approaches in the global academic community and by the pharmaceutical industry, the latter representing an aggregate investment in excess of 2.5 billion, the only new opioid-based pain medications either in clinical development or on the market are alternative dosage forms of the classical opioids, morphine, loperamide, and fentanyl, or compounds such as tramadol. ... 

In contrast, the academic community has been astonishingly prolific on what might be considered an industrial topic. Researchers groping in this industrial darkness rarely refrained from drawing sweeping conclusions about the commercial catalyst from a few vacuum line experiments. And there has been a tendency to regard Cr/silica as monolithic, whereas in fact an industry has developed around its diversity. 

When W. Ward Pigman, a founder of Advances in Carbohydrate Chemistry and its first co-editor (with M. L. Wolfrom), died suddenly of a heart attack in the morning hours of September 30,1977, at Woods Hole, Massachusetts, the scientific world lost an indefatigable and courageous pioneer the academic community, a distinguished and well-liked teacher and those who knew him, a warm and loyal friend. Death reached him while he was attending an International Symposium organized by The Society for Complex Carbohydrates, of which he was the founder, the first president, and a relentless promoter. 

It is unfortunate that the proposed regulations are expressed in such a manner as to suggest a lack of confidence in laboratory and field work. Trust and integrity are a major tenet of the academic community. In the vast majority of cases, academics provide solid, scientifically valid information which undergoes and survives peer review in the absence of QAU s and SOP s. 

There seems to be considerable disagreement about co-versus counter-rotating twin screw extruders between different groups in the polymer processing industry and academic community. 

Of course other factors besides the quality of the evidence, such as social pressure, can affect a person s judgment. In the scientific and academic communities as a whole there is strong social pressure to dismiss design explanations for life out of hand. The social situation is quite different for the general public. 

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