Political aspects

The complexity of the problems associated with future food packaging can be seen from these examples. We have focused on only one factor in one segment of the food industry—the effect of change in solid waste disposal. The present uncertainties in technical and political aspects of the disposal problem prevent a definite decision as to whether packaging changes should be made. All the industry can do at present is prepare itself for a possible major shift that would have to be made in a short time. 

Other problems in enviromnental science and technology—as well as an introduction to the social, economic, and political aspects of enviromnental issnes—should receive broad exposure in the curriculum. They should be in the content of existing conrses wherever possible. 

As previously indicated, test methods and standards for bioequivalency determinations are continuing to evolve. In this section of the chapter consideration is given to some of the issues in this areas that presently confront us. In some instances the topics are essentially technical in nature. In others, financial implications introduce political aspects that do not simplify the situation. It seems likely that while some of these questions may be resolved in the relatively near future, others may require years of debate and exploration before a final resolution is achieved. 

Robinson, Julian Perry. The Rise of CB Weapons. The Problem of Chemical and Biological Warfare A Study of The Historical, Technical, Military, Legal and Political Aspects of CBW, and Possible Disarmament Measures. Vol. 1. Stockholm Almqvist Wiksell, 1971. 

This chapter examines an issue that is one of the key determinants of the future of the West European chlor-alkali industry. It examines the environmental, economic, financial and political aspects of a debate whose effects are likely to spill over into North America and Asia - and to affect the development of the chlor-alkali industry world-wide. 

Application of a nonscientifically based safety factor to take into account political aspects, socioeconomic aspects (cost-benefit considerations), or risk perception factors (the nature of the effect may justify the use of an additional factor). 

Around 1970, the environmental movement, dealing with both technical and political aspects of various environmental problems, sprang to life in the United States. American public opinion widely supported the movement, as did I. I taught courses on environmental problems, sponsored a student environmental action club, and became involved with a local group that went out in small boats to collect samples of steel mill discharges that I analyzed pro bono in my laboratory. 

From the safe distance of 25 years we can perhaps obviate the political aspect by examining the two major assumptions on which all of this work was based. I will argue that both are certainly problematical and probably completely unfounded. 

Macoun, Robert, and Peter Reuter. Cross-National Drug Policy. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, vol. 582, July 2002. Thousand Oaks, Calif. SAGE Publications, 2002. This volume is a collection of papers on drug policy issues in many nations. Topics discussed include drug law enforcement, harm minimization, and legalization, as well as the economic, social, and political aspects of black markets in illegal drugs in Colombia, Iran, and Russia. 

I ve seen organizations blow themselves up over the political aspects of that debate. People from various parts of the organization emphasize things that are reflective of their background. I would like to see some sort of effort made to bridge a rational approach with what actually happens in organizations, since that ultimately is the theme that we re facing. 

Justification of practices and interventions involves many factors, including social and political aspects, as well as radiological considerations. Some practical guidance on justification for practices and interventions is provided by the BSS, and some examples are provided here an intervention is justified if it is expected to achieve more good than harm, having regard to health, social and economic factors. Protective actions are nearly always justified if, in the absence of intervention, doses are expected to approach certain specified values related to deterministic effects. 

In 6.3 I turn to the class struggle - from latent conflict through overt confrontation to coalition formation. The study of class alliances is perhaps Marx s most suggestive contribution to the theory of social conflict -anticipating Simmel and Caplow, 1 return to the political aspects of coalition formation in chapter 7. 

This section should be used to inform the reader of important country-specific background and contextual features of the Member State that will help in understanding the allocation decisions that were made and the problems and issues that presented themselves in the process. Among these features, also the political capacity of each Member State should be tackled. These insights are therefore expected to facilitate the understanding of the influence of the political aspects on the process. 

Govaerts, P. (2004). Using plant status data for off-site emergency management technical and political aspects. Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 109 (1-2), pp. 31-33. 

Other experts have expressed concern that while the use of conservative assumptions may be appropriate initially when uncertainty is large, it is problematic if the initial use of such assumptions prevents revision of risk estimates when new data become available for political reasons One implication of the inherent conservatism in risk assessment is that the inevitable consequence of most scientific advances related to the assessment of risk for individual chemicals is to lower the calculated risk. The worst thing that we can do is to set up a situation so that we cannot use this increased scientific information because of the political aspects of changing numbers (Goldstein 1989). Still others argue that risk assessments are not conservative enough and that they underestimate risks because, for example, they fail to fully account for susceptible subpopulations and the synergistic effects of some toxic exposures (Finkel 1996 Latin 1988). 

SIPRI (1971). Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. Problems of Chemical and Biological Warfare. A Study of Historical, Technical, Military and Legal and Political Aspects ofCBW, Volume 1, The Rise of CB Weapons, Volume 10, Humanities. Stockholm, Sweden SIPRI. 

Social medicine—United States—Miscellanea. 2. Medical care—Political aspects—United States. 3. Medical ethics—United States. I. Title. RA418.3.U6S936 2001... 

Discuss the political aspects of emissions of greenhouse gases. Present the role of developed and developing countries in the mitigation of global warming. 

Parts I-III each begin with a summary of the CESSA work packages. They focus on the specific supply security issues in the sectors involved, the technical, economic and political aspects related thereto, and the policy implications. These chapters result from the policy briefs that were written as a concise summary of the work packages, and destined for policy makers and other decision makers. In addition, each part contains three to four specific chapters. 

Economic and political aspects of developing counfry policy formation, action and involvement... 

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