Market issues

The market power of the British multiple retailers is undisputed. Having decided to respond to public demand for organic products, they now account for some 74% of organic sales (Soil Association 1999, p. 27). Smaller organic producers, once courted by multiples concerned to attract the organic customer (whose trolley is worth significantly more than 

British supermarkets have hurried to apply their own brand names to many organic products, perhaps unaware of a potential contradiction if the company s own brand now embraces organic production, with all its positive messages about how food is produced with respect for natural systems and without chemicals, how can it credibly also be applied to non-organic products emanating from a different - and contradictory - food system  

One response to the growth of private-label and other competitive activity must be for small and medium sized organic producers to seek out the new opportunities which are emerging in the form of specialist organic stores and farm shops, organic local markets, mail order via the internet and so on. 

---

M. E. WiUiams, Information Market Indicators Information Center/Library Market, issue 39, Information Market Indicators, MonticeUo, lU., 1992. 

The resolution of technical and market issues will determine when the transportation vehicle of the proposed hydrogen economy, fuel cell automobiles arrive in commercial quantities. The high cost of the precious metal ingredients in fuel cells is one of these issues. Lowering the... 

Jones DR, Hall SD. Mechanism based inhibition of cytochrome P450 in vitro kinetics and in vitro-in vivo correlations. In Rodrigues AD, ed. Drug-Drug Interactions From Basic Pharmacokinetics Concepts to Marketing Issues. New York, NY Marcel Dekker, 2001. 

There is little available that is specifically written about cooling water treatment. James W. McCoy s book is a notable, if slightly dated, exception. The book by J. N. Tanis contains the most practical hands-on sections I have read in a long time, and the recent NALCO Guide to Cooling Water Systems Failure Analysis is excellent. These books are concerned with applied water treatment and are suitable for regular use in the field. But there seems to be a need for more of these practical water treatment handbooks to be written and published, and certainly one or two that deal with the sales and marketing issues ... 

There are two types of issues involved in reducing the cycle time of the innovation process marketing issues and technical issues. These must be addressed differently. Marketing issues involve the identification of unmet needs by the customer, and technical issues are related to the capability to deliver. Techniques that reduce cycle time include the following ... 

But DSHEA is very different then the standard approval process for drugs and medical devices, and emphasizes the regulatory enforcement of label claims and advertising and marketing issues rather than the efficacy and quality of the supplements themselves. Unlike new drug and medical device applications, controlled clinical trials aren t part of the supplement review process, nor is any FDA inspection of a company s manufacturing facilities or quality control systems. 

With the increased importance of getting new products into the market quickly, the time-to- market issue, attempts have been made to reduce the number of decisions points and stages in a streamlined process. Time equates to money, therefore the sooner a company is able to get a product to market the sooner it can recoup its expenditure on R D. Guidelines for achieving this time reduction in the length of the innovation chain will be given, with particular emphasis on the role R D Management plays in this process. 

The time-to-market issue is a driving force in new product development. 

Nature Works LLC has announced a source options program, especially for European customers who may view maize variety as an important market issue. Customers may choose their desired level of... 

If you want to look at the disease progression of, say, a neurodegener-ative disease such as Alzheimer (AD), the length of the study becomes a major financial and marketing issue. Since the disease can now be... 

Woosley RL, Rice G. A new system for moving drugs to market. Issues Sci Technol. 2005 21(2) 63-68. 

A more subtle issue is the concern that sustainability can stifle innovation. More than most employees, researchers and product developers are intimately aware of any potentially detrimental impacts - again, environmental, social, or economic - from a new product or process. These impacts cannot be ignored, but they must not be allowed to quash a project too early, since alternatives can often be found if other technical and marketing issues can be resolved. Furthermore, even if alternatives are not found, experience teaches that potential negative impacts can often be managed so that the risk is minimized. 

Advisory boards/consultants Members seek advice and guidance from healthcare professionals in the conduct of their business operations, e.g. in product development, research programmes, and medical/scientific and marketing issues. In these instances the healthcare professional is acting as a consultant. 

In both regions, the vision and roadmap documents stress an integral and connected approach for research and development, but are less clear about market development. The European Union did not address market issues early on, although a May 2003 EU directive does promote alternative fuels for transport (European Commission, 2003). That directive is planned to be a stepping-stone aimed to stimulate a market pull for alternative fuels. The U.S. implementation programs address market issues, but actual policies and programs have not been proposed. My preliminary characterization of the U.S. implementation plans would be high priority for research and development and low priority for market development. 

Following this initial approval, the RMS will then facilitate communication between the applicant and the CMS. The CMS may offer comments and suggestions for changing the SmPC. When there are opinions that diverge between the RMS and the CMS, and if efforts to compromise fail, arbitration may be requested by CMS, or even (rarely) by the applicant. All CMS must check the correct translation of the SmPC and labeling in their national language. The RMS refers an application to arbitration by the CHMP if needed. The RMS later handles all post-marketing issues, such as variations and renewals. 

In spite of these works, giving a clear definition of social acceptance is still difficult. Only case studies are available and each one refers to singular factors. In fact, social acceptance is not a concept but a very practical - but imprecise - notion. Surrounding this notion needs a large overview of works, in sociological and political fields and also in marketing issues. 

Giuliano Bonoli is Professor of Social Policy at the Swiss graduate school for public administration (IDHEAP), Lausanne, Switzerland. He previously worked at the Universities of Bath (UK), Berne, and Fribourg. He has been involved in several national and international research projects on the process of welfare state transformation, in particular on pension reform and labour market issues. His recent key publications include The politics of the new social policies. Providing coverage against new social risks in mature welfare states (2005) Politics and Policy, vol 33 Time matters. Postindustrialisation, new social risks and welfare state adaptation in advanced industrial democracies (2007) Comparative Political Studies, vol 40. 

Commercial biotechnology today exhibits many strengths, but the near-term developmental prospects are fragile. Our success will depend on the sustained efforts of many dedicated people of diverse backgrounds who will address themselves to the resolution of climatic as well as scientific and marketing issues. 

This study analyzes organic wine seetor in the Veneto Region, mainly focusing on marketing issues, through a questionnaire survey. 

---