Policy issue

EURACHEM is a network of organizations in Europe, having the objective of establishing a system for the international traceability of chemical measurements and the promotion of good quality practices. It provides a forum for the discussion of common problems and for developing an informed and considered approach to both technical and policy issues. 

PJ Feldstein. Health Policy Issues An Economic Perspective on Health Reform. 2nd ed. Chicago Health Administration Press/AUPHA Press, 1999, pp. 193-207. 

This chapter on prescriber incentives brings together various midpoints, all of them difficult to find. One of these midpoints concerns incentives (if there is one distinguishing feature of health care organizations it is the advisability of moderating the power of incentives in order to stop financial considerations from short-circuiting clinical considerations) another concerns the balance between health policy issues and industrial policy ones and a third concerns the influences exerted on prescription by the market, the state and clinical standards (the combination of financial and non-financial incentives). 

Eden MJ, Parry JT (1996) Land degradation in the tropics environmental and policy issues. Global Development and the Environment series, Pinter, London, UK... 

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (1979). Toxic Substances Control Act Premanufacture testing of new chemical substances. Guidance for premanufacture testing Discussion of policy issues, alternative approaches and tests methods. 44 FR 16240-16292. 

Bartis, T. B., La Tourrette, T., Dixon, L., Peterson, D. J. and Cecchine, G. (2005). Oil Shale Development in the United States. Prospects and Policy Issues. RAND Corporation, www.rand.org. 

CRS (Congressional Research Service) (2007). CRS Report for Congress. Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Pipelines for Carbon Sequestration Emerging Policy Issues. Prepared by Parfomak, P. W. and Folger, P., CRS Report RL33971. http //ncseonline. org. 

Wolbert, G. S., 1979, U.S. Oil Pipe Lines — An Examination of Flow Oil Pipe Lines Operate and the Current Public Policy Issues Concerning Their Ownership. American Petroleum Institute, Washington, D.C., 556 pp. 

Bioethics Access to published hterature on the ethical, legal, and public policy issues surrounding healthcare and biomedical research. This information is provided in conjunction with the Kennedy Institute of Ethics located at Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. httpvywww.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases bioethics.html... 

Our review of some regulatory decisions, based on risk information, has been a relatively superficial one, and has avoided many complicated legal and policy issues, to say nothing of the political warfare that may accompany some decisions. The review, though selective in its coverage, does reveal that regulators draw no single... 

There are parallel policy issues for global warming and the periodic increase and decrease of the ozone layer, but the science is not parallel. The following are some factors to keep in mind when examining these issues. 

The distributions of two individual assessment factors can be combined forming a new distribution (with a new GM and GSD) characterizing the combination of the two individual factors a certain percentile can be chosen from this new distribution. Which percentile of a distribution to be chosen is a policy issue. When distributions of the assessment factors are not available, the point estimate of a particular factor could be used. Distributions and point estimates can be used in parallel and combined when necessary for example the chosen percentile from a distribution of one factor can be combined with the point estimate of another factor by multiplication. 

There are no regulations, neither nationally nor internationally, governing acceptable/tolerable lifetime cancer risks as this decision is a policy issue. The acceptable/tolerable lifetime cancer risk may therefore vary from one authority to another and might be dependent on the target population as well as on policy issues such as social, economic, and political factors. As an administrative practice, an acceptable/tolerable lifetime cancer risk has often been set as 10 , i.e., at one additional cancer case per million exposed persons. 

In order to implement the NAS reports, FDA found that it must first address a number of important policy issues. First, FDA was required to determine whether the NAS findings would apply only to the pioneer drug for which the NDA was submitted or would also apply to all subsequently marketed generic versions of the drug. FDA determined that the latter approach was required, which led to extensive litigation. The FDA policy on this matter was ultimately upheld by the Supreme Court in June 1973. ... 

The purpose of this book is to investigate public policy issues in pharmaceutical innovation. In Section II we first describe the important characteristics of prescription drugs. We emphasize that these characteristics deviate from the standard conditions in a competitive market. In Section III we discuss the current performance of the pharmaceutical market. In Section IV we investigate market failures that persist in allocating research and development (R D) resources and in the utilization of prescription drugs. In Section V we analyze the policy conflict between the economic and health sectors arising from pharmaceutical innovation. The final section discusses the structure of the book and the major content of the chapters. 

During the 180-day exclusivity period, the presence of an authorized generic as a second generic entrant works to intensify price competition. However, an interesting policy issue is whether there are situations where an authorized generic from the branded manufacturer adversely affects the total number of generic competitors in equilibrium. (Reiffen and Ward 2006). This is an issue currently under consideration at the U.S. Federal Trade Commission. 

Calfee, John E. 2002. Public Policy Issues in Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Prescription Drugs. Journal of Public Policy Marketing 21 2) 17 4-193. 

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