Plasticizers acrylic elastomers

Distearyl thiodipropionate Ditridecyl thiodipropionate Poly-a-methylstyrene Trixylenyl phosphate plasticizer, absorption bases Lanolin alcohol plasticizer, ABS-PC Triphenyl phosphate plasticizer, acrylate elastomers Triisononyl trimellitate plasticizer, acrylate resins Diisooctyl phthalate plasticizer, acrylic coatings Benzyl phthalate Butyl benzyl phthalate Polypropylene glycol dibenzoate plasticizer, acrylic latex 2-Pyrrolidone... 

Ester polymers of methacrylic and acrylic acid are important in a wide range of applications. They are used in dental materials, glazing, adhesives, plastic bottles, elastomers, floor polishes, paint bases, plastic films, and leather finishes, to mention only a few. 

L.K. Massey, "Acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate," in The Effects ofUV Light and Weather on Plastics and Elastomers, chapter 4, pp. 47-56. William Andrew Publishing, Norwich, NY, 2nd edition, 2006. 

Acrylonitrile resembles VC, a carcinogen, in structure. It is a flammable, explosive liquid (b.p. 77 C, V.P. 80 mm at 20°C). AN is a component of acrylic and modacrylic fibers produced by copolymerization with other monomers, e.g., with methyl acrylate, Me-methacrylate, vinyl acetate, VC and VDC. Other major uses of AN include copolymerizations with butadiene and styrene to produce ABS polymers, and with styrene to yield SAN resins which are used in the manufacture of plastics. Nitrile elastomers and latexes are also made with AN, as are a number of other chemicals, e.g. acrylamide and adiponitrile. Acrylonitrile is also used as a fumigant. 

Under the heading acrylic elastomer the plastic literature has included a broad spectrum of carboxy-modified rubbers that have as a minor portion of the comonomers acrylic acid and/or its derivatives. However, in more recent usage the term acrylic elastomer is used to designate these rubbery products that contain a predominant amount of an acrylic ester, such as ethyl acrylate or butyl acrylate in the polymer chain. Fluoroacrylate elastomers are based on plastics prepared from the acrylic acid ester-dihydroperfluoro alcohols. 

Polymethylacrylate (PMA) and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) were discovered, respectively, in 1880 and 1930. The resins have been used for the production of transparent plastic sheets, viz. Plexiglas or Perspex , used for the military aircraft cockpit canopies, gunner s turrets and the like [Riddle, 1954]. Acrylic elastomers (ACM or ANM) were developed by Rohm in 1901, and commercialized in 1948 as Hycar vulcanizable copolymers of ethyl acrylate, allyl maleated lactones, chloroethyl vinyl ether, butadiene, isoprene, acrylonitrile, etc. [Mast et al., 1944]. Since the 1950 s, a wide variety of acrylic compatibilizers and impact modifiers have been developed. 

PP and PC are immiscible, thus excepting the exploratory use as a plastic paper, only the two ends of the concentration range have been explored, viz. addition of 5 wt% PP to PC (to improve processability of PC) [Dobkowski, 1980], or addition of <10 wt% of PC (to improve PP processability, enhance crystallinity and crystallization temperature, the appearance, modulus, and impact strength) [Liang and Williams, 1991]. For concentrations >10 wt% compatibilization is necessary. This is accomplished using ethylene-acrylic copolymer, cellulosics, PA, PVAc, or TPU [Goldblum, 1963, 1964] an acrylic elastomer, acrylic elastomer with PP-MA and either butyl mbber, or isobutene-isoprene mbber [Teijin Chem., 1982, 1983] SBR and EEA [Liu, 1984] MBS [Overton and Liu, 1984] or EVAc [Giles and Hirt, 1986],... 

PA-6 or PA-66 and >50% acrylic elastomers has been introduced by DuPont (Zytel FN) as a plasticizer-free, low modulus composition with good low-temperature toughness, resistance to thermal aging and solvents (particularly to fluorocarbon refrigerants) (Table 15.17). 

MAJOR USES Manufacture of chemicals including acrylic fiber, plastics, rubber elastomers, plasticizers, solvents, polymeric materials, dyes, pharmaceuticals, insecticides and nylon formation of high impact resins such as styrene acrylonitrile and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene. 

ORIGIN/INDUSTRY SOURCES/USES production of acrylic and modacrylic fibers plastics rubber elastomers solvents polymeric minerals dyes pharmaceuticals insecticides nylon fumigant formation of high-impact resins... 

OTHER COMMENTS used in the manufacture of acrylic fibers, plastics, rubber elastomers, dyes, nylon, pharmaceuticals. 

Fig. 1.13 Improved frequency response of VHB acrylic elastomers via the addition of low molecular weight additives (plasticizers) [195], Proc SPIE 2004, reprinted with permission...

Zhang H, During L, Kovacs G, Yuan W, Niu X, Pei P (2010) Interpenetrating polymer networks based on acrylic elastomers and plasticizers with iminoved actuation temperature range. Polym Int 59 384-390. doi 10.1002/pi.2784... 

Uses Monomer for polyester resins (surface coatings) intermediate silane intemrediate crosslinker, polymer modifier for high impact plastics, adhesives, acrylic elastomers, optical polymers Manuf/Distrib. Aldrich Atofina CPS Ciba Spec. ChemsTWater Treatment Eastech Fluka Mitsubishi Gas Monomer-Polymer Dajac Labs Nippon Nyukazai Polysciences Rhodia HPCII Richman Rohm Tech Rohm Am. San Esters Trade Names SR 201... 

Polymers of lower n-alkyl acrylates are used in plastics to only a limited extent. Ethyl and butyl acrylates are, however, major components of acrylic elastomers. The polymers are usually formed by free-radical emulsion polymerization. Because acrylate esters are sensitive to hydrolysis under basic conditions, the polymerizations are usually conducted at neutral or acidic pH. The acrylic rubbers, like other elastomers, must be crosslinked or vulcanized to obtain optimum properties. Crosslinking can be accomplished by reactions with peroxides through abstractions of tertiary hydrogens by free radicals ... 

Nevertheless, many elastomers and plastics are fundamentally very similar. Most plastics and elastomers comprise long chains of one or more types of linked monomer units. In fact, many of the same monomers are found in both thermoplastic and elastomeric polymers—e.g., styrene, acrylonitrile, ethylene, propylene, and acrylate esters. Because of the chemical similarities between elastomers and plastics, these materials are susceptible to many of the same types of chemical attack. Therefore, many of the same material-selection principles come into play for both plastics and elastomers. 

Acrylate elastomers n. Elastomeric formed from acrylate and elastomeric monomers such as butadiene. Harper CA (2002) Handbook of plastics, elastomers and composites, 4th edn. McGraw-Hill, New York. 

Uses in the manufacturing of acrylic resins for use in paint formulations, industrial coatings and latexes in the manufacturing of plastics, such as ethylene ethyl acrylate in the manufacturing of poly-acrylate elastomers and acrylic rubber in the forming of denture materials water-emulsion vehicle for paints, textiles and paper coatings, leather finishes, resins and adhesives lends flexibility to hard films A... 

A number of patents have emphasized acrylic elastomers as a method of rubber-toughening plastics.The latexes are crosslinked, in part, to impart mechanical stability during processing. Acrylic latexes have improved stability to light and heat over SBR or NBR, and thus offer an improvement to ABS materials. In general, saturated elastomers have proved superior to the diene types for outdoor use because of their superior weather resistance. 

A. J. Yu and R. E. Gallagher, Acrylate-Styrene-Acrylonitrile Composition and Method of Making the Same, U.S. Pat. 3,944, 631 (1976). Latex IPN of acrylate elastomer/styrene-acrylonitrile. Latex IPN embedded in linear styrene-acrylonitrile. Rubber-toughened, impact-resistant plastics. 

The new elastomers are particularly relevant to the automotive industry because they offer better properties - particularly heat, oil and fuel resistance - than the established materials such as natural and synthetic rubber and plasticized PVC. Among the most important types are PUR elastomers, PBT block copolymers, EPDM olefinic terpolymers and ethylene-acrylic elastomers. Typical applications are the traditional rubbery ones of gaskets, seals, gaiters and cable covers, but set in the aggressive underbonnet environment of today s performance vehicles. Beyond this, however, there are examples where these materials are sufficiently versatile to have been selected, sometimes with reinforcement, as engineering components in their own right. 

Turbochargers are a new area of application for plastics the hoses in particular have to meet very arduous conditions. Together with hot spots and restricted space, there are the additional problems of low temperature impact, vibration fatigue and resistance to oil mist. For the 1991 Rover M-16 engine, the turbocharger hose was made in an ethylene-acrylic elastomer, extruded around fabric reinforcement in an oval profile (see Fig. 6.18). 

Copolymers in which the acrylate monomer is the major component are useful as ethylene-acrylate elastomers (trade name Vamac). These are terpolymers containing a small amount of an alkenoic acid to introduce sites (C=C) for subsequent cross-Unking via reaction with primary diamines [see Equation 1.34 in Chapter 1 of Plastics Fundamentals, Properties, and Testing]. These elastomers have excellent oil resistance and stability over a wide temperature range (— 50°C to 200°C), being superior to chloroprene and nitrile rubbers. Although not superior to silicone and fluoroelastomers, they are less costly uses include automotive (hydraulic systems seals, hoses) and wire and cable insulation. 

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