Pixel, pixels

During the calibration the geometric distortions in the images are reduced from a maximum of more than 11 pixels to less than 0.3 pixels (pixel size about 0.28mm 0.28mm). The whole calibration results in a maximum deviation of the projected calibration marks from the measured calibration marks in the image of less than 0.4 pixel (2D-error). 

High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) micrographies were performed with a JEOL JEM-3010 microscope operating at 300 kV (Cs= 0.6 mm, point resolution 1.7 A). Images were recorded with CCD camera (MultiScan model 794, Gatan, 1024 x 1024 pixels, pixel size 24 x 24 pm2). The powder samples were mixed in ethanol and then ultrasonicated for 10 min. A drop of the wet sample was placed on a copper grid and then allowed to dry for 10 min before TEM analysis. 

Dispersion energies are calculated as a sum of pixel-pixel terms in a damped London-type expression ... 

Intermolecular dispersion energies are calculated as a sum of pixel-pixel terms in a London-type expression, involving the above defined distributed polarizabilities and an overall oscillator strength > Eos To avoid singularities (as before described) due to very short pixel-pixel distances in an inverse sixth-power formula, each term in the sum is damped, as it is shown here for the molecule A...molecule B interaction ... 

Figure 4.14 Optical and AP-SMALDi-MS images of HeLa cells on ITO slide, (a) Optical fluorescence of DIOQ(3)-stained HeLa cells, X,= 501 nm (b-d) AP-SMALDI-MS images (28 x 21 pixels, pixel size...

Number of pixels Pixel size (/ m ) Cell diagonal... 

When two molecules approach one another their electron densities overlap to some extent. In principle, this overlap should be treated as a partially bonding effect, but Pixel preserves the identity of two separate electron clouds, so that when pixels overlap, singularities in the R dependence may result for very short pixel-pixel distances. As a practical countermeasure, all pixel-pixel distances below half the stepsize of the pixel mesh are reset at half the stepsize (the collision avoidance procedure). 

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