Maximum deviation

During the calibration the geometric distortions in the images are reduced from a maximum of more than 11 pixels to less than 0.3 pixels (pixel size about 0.28mm 0.28mm). The whole calibration results in a maximum deviation of the projected calibration marks from the measured calibration marks in the image of less than 0.4 pixel (2D-error). 

At each step, the computer reeords the amplitude of R.F. signal sent by the generator, witli tile eventual eorreetion made by the operator. At the end of the measurement, the software calculates the maximum deviation of linearity versus the ideal curve. 

The deviation is compared with the maximum deviation allowed ( 2 %). The system prints a report indicating ... 

Non/meanty the maximum deviation from the straight line as load is appHed, usually expressed as a percentage of scale capacity (see Fig. 11)... 

Sun-Chen examined tracer diffusion data of aromatic solutes in alcohols up to the supercritical range and found their data correlated with average deviations of 5 percent and a maximum deviation of 17 percent for their rather hmited set of data. 

Catchpole-Kinp examined binaiy diffusion data of near-critical fluids in the reduced density range of 1 to 2.5 and found that their data correlated with average deviations of 10 percent and a maximum deviation of 60 percent. They observed two classes of behavior. For the first, no correction fac tor was required R = 1). That class was comprised of alcohols as solvents with aromatic or ahphatic solutes, or carbon dioxide as a solvent with ahphatics except ketones as solutes, or... 

Open-Loop versus Closed-Loop Dynamics It is common in industry to manipulate coolant in a jacketed reacdor in order to control conditions in the reacdor itself. A simplified schematic diagram of such a reactor control system is shown in Fig. 8-2. Assume that the reacdor temperature is adjusted by a controller that increases the coolant flow in proportion to the difference between the desired reactor temperature and the temperature that is measured. The proportionality constant is K. If a small change in the temperature of the inlet stream occurs, then depending on the value or K, one might observe the reactor temperature responses shown in Fig. 8-3. The top plot shows the case for no control (K = 0), which is called the open loop, or the normal dynamic response of the process by itself. As increases, several effects can be noted. First, the reactor temperature responds faster and faster. Second, for the initial increases in K, the maximum deviation in the reactor temperature becomes smaller. Both of these effects are desirable so that disturbances from normal operation have... 

Copyright American Society for Testing and Materials, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 19103 reprinted/adapted with permission. fThe tolerances hsted represent the maximum deviation at any point. 

This is the drop occurring when the vapor passes through the holes on the tray. The relation below [25] correlates the data of several of the m or investigators with a maximum deviation of less than 20% and an average deviation of 10%. 

Correlation Average Deviation Absolute Average Deviation Bias Maximum Deviation... 

This is an indication of the collective nature of the effect. Although collisions between hard spheres are instantaneous the model itself is not binary. Very careful analysis of the free-path distribution has been undertaken in an excellent old work [74], It showed quite definite although small deviations from Poissonian statistics not only in solids, but also in a liquid hard-sphere system. The mean free-path X is used as a scaling length to make a dimensionless free-path distribution, Xp, as a function of a free-path length r/X. In the zero-density limit this is an ideal exponential function (Ap)o- In a one-dimensional system this is an exact result, i.e., Xp/(Xp)0 = 1 at any density. In two dimensions the dense-fluid scaled free-path distributions agree quite well with each other, but not so well with the zero-density scaled distribution, which is represented by a horizontal line (Fig. 1.21(a)). The maximum deviation is about... 

Five primary alcohols give an average of 3.56 v. e. for C 0, with a maximum deviation of 0.10 v. e., and six ethers give 3.55 v. e., with a maximum deviation of 0.07 v. e. Secondary and tertiary alcohols seem to be 0.3-0.5 v. e. more stable than corresponds to this C 0 value. In view of the agreement between ethers and primary alcohols, we select C.O = 3.55 v. e. 

The inlet monomer concentration was varied sinusoidally to determine the effect of these changes on Dp, the time-averaged polydispersity, when compared with the steady-state case. For the unsteady state CSTR, the pseudo steady-state assumption for active centres was used to simplify computations. In both of the mechanisms considered, D increases with respect to the steady-state value (for constant conversion and number average chain length y ) as the frequency of the oscillation in the monomer feed concentration is decreased. The maximum deviation in D thus occurs as lo 0. However, it was predicted that the value of D could only be increased by 10-325S with respect to the steady state depending on reaction mechanism and the amplitude of the oscillating feed. Laurence and Vasudevan (12) considered a reaction with combination termination and no chain transfer. 

Find the outlet response. What is the maximum deviation in Com from its midpoint Co ... 

The output tracer signal is attenuated and shows a phase shift, but there is no change in frequency. All solutions to Equations (15.45) and (15.46) have these characteristics. Differentiate Pm tot — tot co tot to show that the maximum deviation occurs when cot tot =—tot. Some trigonometry then shows that the maximum deviation is... 

Table 9-12. Compilation of mean absolute (maximum) deviations for ionization energies [eV] of small main...

Still, the deformation features around Cl are systematically underestimated, with a maximum deviation of -0.0312eA-3. As is evident from Figures 6(b) and 7(b), the departure of the MaxEnt distribution from the reference model is most significant... 

We also performed optimization for R2met using the three-layer ONIOM3 (B3LYP HF/STO-3G Amber). In addition to the atoms shown in Figure 2-4, an additional 45 side-chain and backbone atoms were treated at the Hartree-Fock/STO-3G level. The resultant RMS and maximum deviations are 0.23 and 0.36 A, respectively, compared to 0.34 and 0.52 A for QM MM. This indicates that the electronic effects of the protein residues, evaluated only classically in the QM MM (B3LYP Amber) treatment, can be further improved with the use of the ONIOM3 QM QM MM method. 

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