Complex Pixel Design

The combination of tight requirements, and device uniformity and instability issues, for both organic and a-Si transistors, have given rise to more complex pixel 

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Additional discussion and analysis of the use of OTETs for AMOLED displays can be found in the literature [56,57], To date, only the two TFT pixel has been implemented with OTFTs, although a paper design for a current-programmed OTFT AMOLED pixel has been presented [57], It is only a matter of time before the more complex pixels that have been investigated using poly-Si and a-Si TFTs are tested with OTFTs. 

Quantization can be optimized for certain distributions of brightness levels, such as Gaussian and doubleexponential. Another class of techniques, known as moment-preserving quantizers, does not make specific assumptions about distributions. Instead, the quantizers are designed so that low-order moments of the brightness before and after quantization are required to be equal. These scalar quantizers do not exploit the correlation between adjacent pixels. Vector quantization (VQ), in which a small array of pixels is represented by one of several standard patterns, has become a popular method of image compression on its own merits, as well as in combination with techniques such as subband or wavelet decomposition. A major difficulty with VQ techniques is their computational complexity. 

Level 5 (genius) pixels (thousands of transistors) have complexities, in general, above a thousand active devices, a level of complexity sufficient for implementing application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) and microprocessors. But this functionality level has problems not faced by the lower levels. First, for free-space optical interconnection, optical I/Os should be arranged in a structured two-dimensional pattern in order to effectively use the two-dimensional nature of imaging optics. On the other hand, computer-aided design (CAD) tools for elec-... 

Fixed-size image window-evolving factor analysis (FSIW-EFA) is an evolution of the local rank algorithm fixed size moving window-EFA [111], particularly designed for the study of the local pixel complexity in images [112]. To do so, two main ideas are taken into account the need to divide the image into small areas to get local information and the need to preserve the 2D or 3D spatial... 

From these days, the optical simulation of complex optical compensation films for designing high-quality displays became essential [75]. In the similar way, the design of the electrode slits and protrusions used in the pixel division method in the vertical alignment (VA) mode has been carried out by continuum simulation [76]. 

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