Microscopic operations

Mcintyre B J, Saimeron M and Somor]ai G A 1994 Nanocataiysis by the tip of a scanning tunneiiing microscope operating inside a reactor ceii Sc/e/ ce 265 1415... 

In many ways the nanocrystal characterization problem is an ideal one for transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Here, an electron beam is used to image a thin sample in transmission mode [119]. The resolution is a sensitive fimction of the beam voltage and electron optics a low-resolution microscope operating at 100 kV might... 

The most comprehensive textbook on TEM is that by Williams and Carter (1996). It is written for the microscope operator, and, as well as explaining the use of the instrument for imaging, diffraction and spectroscopy, it also gives an account of the principles of specimen production, and the reader is encouraged to turn to that book for a fuller account of the subject. 

High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) micrographies were performed with a JEOL JEM-3010 microscope operating at 300 kV (Cs= 0.6 mm, point resolution 1.7 A). Images were recorded with CCD camera (MultiScan model 794, Gatan, 1024 x 1024 pixels, pixel size 24 x 24 pm2). The powder samples were mixed in ethanol and then ultrasonicated for 10 min. A drop of the wet sample was placed on a copper grid and then allowed to dry for 10 min before TEM analysis. 

The mesoscopic description is introduced by defining functions 4> (q) and 4>B(q) that have the meaning of averaged over some mesoscopic volume values of the microscopic concentration operators. The conditional partition function, Z(4>t) (y =A,B), is the partition function for the system subject to the constraint that the microscopic operators 4>T(q) are fixed at some prescribed... 

Photomicrographs were obtained using an AMR-900 scanning electron microscope. The microscope operates at 20KV and has an... 

Transmission Electron Microscopy. Transmission electron microscopy was performed on a Jeol 100S electron microscope operating at 80kV. 

Figure 7.15 Chemical structure of the 2,6-bis(l methylbenzimidazolyl) pyridine (Mebip) end-capped monomer (24) and optical microscopic images of its resulting MSP gels (8 wt% in acetonitrile) formed with (a) Zn(C104)2 and (b) Zn(C104)2/La(C104)3 (mole ratio = 97 2) obtained using a laser scanning confocal microscope operated in transmitted mode (Weng et al. 2006).

Fig. 13.1. Sketch of the world s first ultrasonic scanning pin microscope. The scanning pin microscope operated at 30 MHz, and gave resolution of about 20 pm (Zieniuk and...

TEM images were obtained on a HITACHI H-800 transmission electron microscope operated at 200 kV. SEM pictures were obtained on a JEOL JSM 6300 scanning electron microscope operated at 30 kV. 

Electron Microscopy. A JEOL 100 CX electron microscope, operated at 100 kV, was used throughout this work. To prepare thin specimens, fibers immersed in water were repeatedly peeled into small fragments with the aid of sharp needles. The fibrillar fragments were then directly picked up on carbon coated grids. In some cases, the suspension was mildly sonicated to aid in dispersal of the fragments. 

X-ray diffraction (XRD) investigations were performed by means of a standard powder diffractometer using Cu Ka radiation. Electron microscopy investigations were conducted using the Hitachi H-800 microscope operated at voltage of 200 kV. The magnetic properties were measured by means of the ballistic method in the magnetic field up to 800 kA/m in the temperature interval of 77 to 673 K. 

A simpler but less accurate approach to the estimation of A is often worthwhile because it provides greater physical insight. Often this estimate is just the expectation value of the microscopic operator... 

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