Volume pixels

A voxel is a volume-pixel. While a pixel is a two-dimensional point that has the attributes of height and width, a voxel is a three-dimensional point with the attributes of height, width, and depth. 

On the base of functions g CO by splitting of the NDTO volume on pixels and typical sections... 

In scanning mode the sequential detection of single pixels (picture elements) and voxels (volume elements) results in long measurement times in practice, therefore, only small volumes (10 x 10 x 1 p,m ) can be measured [3.56]. 

Light sensitive material is electrically partitioned into 0 2-t> array of pixels (each pixel is a 3-D volume)... 

Figure 5. Simplified schematic of the 2-D array of pixels in a focal plane array. The thin wafer of light sensitive material is partitioned into a two-dimensional array of pixels that collect the electric charge produced by the light. Each pixel is a three-dimensional volume that is defined by electric fields within the light sensitive material.

Figure 15. Photovoltaic detector potential well. The example in this figure is the p-n junction of a n-channel CCD. The x-y-z axes match the orientation shown in Fig. 5. The charge generated in the 3-D volume of a pixel is swept toward a 2-D layer, which is the buried channel that is 0.25-0.5 pm from the front surface of the detector. The z-direction potential is created by the p-n junction combined with the voltages on the polysilicon wires deposited on the frontside of the CCD (not shown in this figure).

In non-highly focussed laser desorption ionisation, employing spot sizes in the range of 50-200 pm in diameter, the surface is deformed by an ablation volume of about 1 pm3 per pixel per laser pulse. But this ablated volume is spread over a large desorption area leading to ablation depths of the order of a few nanometres. In laser microprobing, the same ablation volume leads to ablation crater depths in the micrometer range. 

Detector focal planes the 850 xm focal plane instantaneously fully samples an area of sky, whilst the 450 xm is undersampled by a factor of 2. With over 10,000 pixels in total, the volume of readout electronics is considerably in excess of any previous instrument. 

In order to be certain we have produced a significant difference between an exposed pixel and a pixel that is not exposed, a certain number of incident photons, electrons, or ions must each produce an effect in the volume of resist underlying that pixel. This means that if the resist requires a dose of Q coulombs/cm2 for correct exposure, it also requires a minimum number of electrons Nm to strike and lose their energy in each pixel so that each pixel receives the minimum necessary exposure on statistical grounds. Therefore, if lp is the pixel linear dimension and e is the electronic charge,... 

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