Actuator pixel

This system contains an actuator array consisting of 4,225 PNIPAAm acmators at a pitch of 580 pm (Richter and Paschew 2009). Each actuator pixel is individually switchable using the optoelectrothermic control based on a commercial business video projection system. 

Fig. 4 Circuits with intrinsically active polymers, (a) Closing valve with a colored fluid approaching from the left as used in chips like in b and d. (b) Chemomechanical IC for tong time monitoring of bioreactors with 2.096 active elements (Greiner et al. 2012). (c) Multimodal MEMS display with 4.320 actuator pixels (Paschew et al. 2013). (d) 48 x 48-matrix-IC for high-integrated combinatorial analysis in the life sciences with 7.012 active elements (Adopted fi om reference (Greiner et al. 2012))...

Group of actuators and one motion pixel cell of the cilia platform (Suh et al., 1997)... 

The programming of the platform is performed serially, through appropriate digital circuitry (Lazarou and Aspragathos, 2009). For each motion pixel, the angle of the diffused force field vector dictates the approximate motion ratio in the x and y axes the quadrant of the angle also indicates which of the four actuators of the motion pixel should be activated. In the motion pixels inside the final pose all actuators are inactive. When the programming of all motion pixels is finished, the platform starts its operation for the actual part manipulation. 

In each motion pixel outside the final pose, all the actuators are activated periodically, in order to apply force and induce motion on the micropart according to the diffused field. The activation of all these pixels is parallel/simultaneous. A simple two-phase gait is selected for the activation of the specific actuators according to the field formulation for the particular micropart. The two states ( on and off ) are continuously alternated and move the micropart that lies atop them with small strokes from its initial pose towards the desired pose. 

Top Use of a trapezoid-like micropart for the programming of an 8x8 array Bottom region 5 motion pixel actuation rates (Lazarou and Aspragathos, 2009)... 

An application has been developed that simulates the motion of a part on a microconveyor platform under the derived planar force field. The platform s dimensions are 4.2x4.2mm, containing 21x21 motion pixels of dimensions 0.2x0.2mm each. The period of actuation according to Bohringer et al. (1997) is 2s, which corresponds to four actuation rates of 2s, 4s, 8s with three strokes and 8s with four strokes. 

Figure 8.14 Cross section of a single deformable mirror pixel using a buried polysilicon wiring layer to address the actuator electrode. (Used with permission from S.A. Cornelissen, P.A. Bierden, and T.G. Bifano, Development of a 4096 element MEMS continuous membrane deformable mirror for high contrast astronomical imaging, Proc. SPIE 6306, p. 630606-1 [2006].)...

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