Petroleum paraffin base

Mineral Seal Oil HDF-300. [Total Petroleum] Paraffin base oil. 

A widely used classification of petroleum distinguishes between crude oils either on a paraffin base or on an asphalt base and arose because paraffin wax separates from some crude oils on cooling, whereas other oils show no separation of paraffin wax on cooling. The terms paraffin base and asphalt base were introduced and have remained in common use (van Nes and van Westen, 1951). 

Petroleum crude oils, which are divided for the purposes of conventional classification into three main types—asphalt (or naphthenic)-base, paraffin-base, and mixed-base—contain varying amounts of hydrocarbons which readily solidify and are identified as wax. The asphalt-base crudes may contain only a trace of wax, while the wax content of the paraffin-base crudes and the mixed-base crudes may be as high as 15% or higher (73). Crude oils with a wax content as high as 35% are known. 

Probably the same reaction, the dehydrogenation, condensation, and irreversible adsorption of highly condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, causes the loss of activity of the WS2 catalyst when used at pressures well below 200 atm. As an example (20), in experiments with a paraffin-base petroleum-oil fraction boiling between 200° and 325°C. the results in the accompanying tabulation were obtained ... 

The chemical classification of petroleum that distinguishes between oils of a paraffin base from those of an asphaltene base was introduced into petroleum chemistry to distinguish the oils that separate paraffin on cooling from those that separate asphaltenes. The presence of paraffins is usually reflected in the paraffinic nature of the constituent fractions whereas a high asphaltic content corresponds with the naphthenic properties of the fractions. This could lead to the misconception that paraffin-base petroleum consists mainly of paraffins and that asphalt-base petroleum consists mainly of cyclic (or naphthenic) hydrocarbons. In order to avoid confusion, a mixed base has been introduced for those oils that leave a mixture of asphaltic petroleum and paraffins as residue from nondestruc-... 

Base stock specifications, as defined by the producer or the purchaser, largely enumerate the physical properties required for the fluid—typically density, viscosity at two temperatures, viscosity index (VI), low temperature performance measures, flash and volatility properties, and solubility information from aniline point or viscosity-gravity constant (VGC)—the latter two are usually for naphthenic base stocks. While chemical composition is responsible for physical properties, it usually only surfaces as measurements of heteroatom content—sulfur and nitrogen—and aromatics content (or conversely that of saturates). Sulfur and aromatics levels in paraffinic base stocks are now criteria for American Petroleum Institute (API) classifications. However, detailed chemical compositional information is needed to understand the chemistry of the unit processes, the effects of changes in feeds, catalysts, and operating conditions, and behaviors of finished lubricant products. 

The VGC is a measure of petroleum composition that connects two physical properties—specific gravity and viscosity—for distillation fractions. It was developed by Hill and Coates in 19286 to be an index of the paraffinic or naphthenic character. The objective was to fill in the gap between clearly paraffinic and clearly naphthenic samples. It is still reported for base stocks and ranges from approximately 0.78 (paraffinic base stocks) to 1.0 (highly aromatic base stocks) and its value provides some guidance for the solvency properties of the oil. Like the results of the n-d-M method, the VGC is usually reported for naphthenic products, but not for paraffinic ones. 

The penultimate chapter is on the production of White Oils, where the processes have close links to those of base stocks, and the last chapter, departing from petroleum-sourced base stocks, is focused on the processes involved in the production of highly paraffinic (and very high quality) base stocks from natural gas. This is the potential elephant in the base stock world because of anticipated quality and volumes. 

Summit Brand. [Manunoth Int l.] Emulsified paraffin-based petroleum for... 

Chem. Descrip. Emulsion of paraffin-based mineral oils and hydrophobic components, containing silicone Uses Defoamer for solvent-based and solvent-free coatings Properties Wh. Iiq. mild hydrocarbon odor sp.gr. 0.94 dens. 7.74 ih/gai vapor pressure 10 mm Hg flash pt. (Seta) >100 C 51%. NV in petroleum distillates... 

Petroleum solvent-based paints contain aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, ketoximes, alcohols, free monomers and plasticisers. In a general purpose petroleum solvent-based paint the volatile components are aliphatic hydrocarbons and paraffin naphtha. Odourless solvents (isoparaffinic naphtha or petroleum distillate) used in some interior oil/alkyd-based coatings can pose a danger for hypersensitive persons. 

Chem. Descrip. proprietary blend of heavy range paraffin base petroleum oil, polyol fatty acid esters and polyethoxylated derivatives Ionic Nature Nonionic CAS 64741-88-4 64741-89-5... 

Chem. Descrip. Proprietary blend of D-limonene, paraffin-based petroleum oil, and emulsifiers... 

Chem. Descrip. Paraffin base petroleum oil/nonionic emulsifer blend CAS 8002-74-2 8012-95-1 EINECS/ELINCS 232-315-6 232-384-2 Uses Emulsifier-surfactant system for use with a broad range of pesticides including herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, and/or fertilizers and micronutrients Features For use with a broad range of pesticides inciuding herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, and/or fertilizers and micronutrients Properties Pale liq. mild odor emulsifies in water vapor pressure negligible flash pt. >200 F pH neutral... 

Chem. Descrip. Paraffin base petroleum oil/buffers/sequestrants/emulsifler blend CAS 8002-74-2 8012-95-1 EINECS/ELINCS 232-315-6 232-384-2 Properties Emulsifier-surfactant system that increases the activity of pesticides Peregal ST [ISP]... 

Chem. Descrip. Paraffin base petroleum oil (83%), surfactant blend (17%)... 

Process Oils, Plasticizers. Petroleum-based mbber process oils generally contain a mixture of paraffinic, naphthenic, and aromatic components. These oils vary in composition from grade to grade, but most contain some unsaturated moieties and this unsaturation can compete with the polymer for curatives. Therefore, state of cure can be decreased. This is not easily detected because oil softens the compound which masks the loss of state of cure. 

A paraffin wax is a petroleum wax consisting principally of normal alkanes. MicrocrystalHne wax is a petroleum wax containing substantial proportions of branched and cycHc saturated hydrocarbons, in addition to normal alkanes. SernimicrocrystaUine wax contains more branched and cycHc compounds than paraffin wax, but less than microcrystalHne. A classification system based on the refractive index of the wax and its congealing point as... 

---