Asphaltic types

Type IV asphalt is not common except in very hot climates. It has softening points between 96 and 107°C with penetration at 25°C between 12 and 25 mm /10. It is for roof slopes greater than 1 per 12, and is also called special steep asphalt. Type IV asphalt is used on flashings and in hot climates to keep the roofing system from sliding off the roof in hot weather. 

For many years uintaite and other asphaltic-type products have been used in water-based drilling fluids as additives assisting in borehole stabilization. These additives can minimize hole collapse in formations containing water-sensitive, sloughing shales. 

Uintaite and asphalt-type materials have been used for many years to stabilize sloughing shales and to reduce borehole erosion. Other benefits derived from these products include borehole lubrication and reduction in filtration. 

Three broad classes of crude petroleum exist the paraffin types, the asphaltic types, and the mixed-base types. The paraffin types are composed of molecules in which the number of hydrogen atoms is always two more than twice the number of carbon atoms. The characteristic molecules in the asphaltic types are naphthenes, composed of twice as many hydrogen atoms as carbon atoms. In the mixed-base group are both paraffin hydrocarbons and naphthenes. 

Emulsification. This is a water-in-oil process in which water is incorporated into the floating oil. Such emulsions, which may contain from 20 to 80% water, are often very viscous and referred to as mousse. Mousse formation is highly dependent on oil composition. High levels of asphalt-type compounds, as well as waxes, appear to promote the formation of these emulsions. Ocean turbulence also accelerates mousse formation, although a fully developed, stable emulsion may be formed from some oils under relatively quiescent open-water conditions. Early treatment of spilled oil with chemical dispersants is an excellent way to prevent emulsification. 

Asphalt Asphalt Hot Sand Sulphur-Asphalt Hot Sarid Sulphur Asphalt Hot Sand Asphalt Asphalt Type 0 Sulphur Asphalt ... 

Butler (B39) described the leaching of carnotite ores that contained high-vanadium-low-lime and low-vanadium-asphaltic-type minerals. The high-vanadium-low-lime ore (less than 2%) is roasted with 6-9 wt. % salt at 850°C and is immediately quenched in 3% hot sodium carbonate solution. The calcine is ground to 65 mesh and uranium and vanadium are dissolved by agitation leaching at 92-96°C. 93% of the uranium and 85% of the vanadium are extracted from the ore. The asphaltic tjq>e ore is roasted at 550°C and 80-85% of the uranium and 35-40% of the vanadium are extracted. The leach solution concentration was maintained between 7 and 9% sodium carbonate. The pulp density was between 45 and 50% solids. 

IONS OR DISPERSIONS OF HEAVY CRUDE OIL in water or brine have been used in several parts of the world for pipeline transportation of both waxy and heavy asphaltic-type crude oils. The hydrodynamically stabilized dispersion transportation concept is described by the Shell Oil Corporation core flow technology (i). The use of surfactants and water to form oil-in-water emulsions with crude oils is the subject of a long series of patents and was proposed for use in transporting Prudhoe Bay crude oil (2). Furthermore, surfactants may be injected into a well bore to effect emulsification in the pump or tubing for the production of heavy crude oils as oil-in-water emulsions (3, 4). 

Mix and material properties tests on a wide variety of S-A—S mixtures were performed using the aggregate and asphalt types discussed above. The specific mixture ratios evaluated ranged from 2 1 to 5 1 wt % sulfur to asphalt. The maximum amount of sulfur used in any mixture was 20 wt %. For comparison purposes, sand-asphalt (0% sulfur) and sand-sulfur (0% asphalt) mixes were also evaluated. 

Uses Emulsifier, detergent, wetting agent, dispersant, corrosion inhibitor for use in roof coatings to reinforce and improve sag resistance of asphalt-type roof coatings... 

The number of passes is always determined in situ and it depends on the asphalt type, thickness of layer, weather conditions and type and weight of roller. 

Other mix characteristics to be tested regardless of asphalt type mixture, according to CEN EN 13108-21 (2008), are void content and, if reclaimed asphalt is used, the penetration and the softening point (R B) of the reclaimed binder. In the case of mastic asphalt, only the indentation on cubes (CEN EN 12697-20 2012) is required to be determined. 

When cold asphalt Type I is used, a surface treatment is required. When cold asphalt Type II or III is used, the top layer is required to be from hot asphalt concrete. The minimum required thickness of asphalt concrete is determined by the traffic volume and is as shown in Table 13.3. However, it is common to replace the top 50 mm with hot asphalt concrete even if Type I mix is used. 

Table 13.3 Minimum thickness of asphalt concrete over cold asphalt. Type II or Type III...

The results presented in Figure 2 and Table II have shown that three catalogies of asphalt can be obtained. These three catagories match exactly with those verified by traditional methods. Since a good reliable consistency could be obtained, the size distribution from Kor distribution can be applied for the asphalt types differentiation. 

From Figures 4-6, we can easily observe significant differences for three different types of asphalts. Comparing Figures 7 to 9, all spectra for the three samples are similar, except for the tail part. This may indicate that the difference in the composition of asphaltenes in the three asphalt types is not significant. It is demonstrated that the compositions for the three different types of asphalt differ significantly due to the existing different compositions of asphaltenes which do not dissolve well in solvents. 

Rosin (colophony, in soldering flux and asphalt-type mastic Adams 1990)... 

Beyond paints, fibers, and other polymers, PGC has been applied in the forensic science laboratory to characterize and compare a number of different types of material submitted as evidence in criminal casework. The utility of PGC for the characterization of adhesives has been described (253,272), as well as various methods for the comparison of tapes with adhesive backings (273). Vinyl tile with an asphalt-type glue from a safe-cracking case was analyzed by PGC (274). Williams and Munson (275) used capillary column PGC to examine 30 black... 

Table 2. Influence of Asphalt Type and Polymer Type on SHRP Stiffness Parameter, Shear Loss Modulus and Dynamic Viscosity of Neat and Rubber Modified Paving Grade Asphalt Cements.

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