Performance-based standards

Professional judgment should be exercised when planning site activities and to document decisions. HAZWOPER is a performance-based standard that emphasizes hazard analyses at all stages. It encourages the development of programs that match the anticipated risk for each work activity. Eor example, professional judgment is used to decide if a comprehensive HASP or a scaled-down version is required for activities with little possibility to cause significant exposure. 

The exact composition and proportion of these additives in a certain type of fluid depends on the intended use. Hydraulic fluids are compounded to conform to performance-based standards such as Military or ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) specifications. Some examples of Military specifications are shown in Table 3-2. Many different formulations can be compounded to conform to one performance standard. It should be noted that the variability among these products or even within products with the same trade names may confuse efforts to determine environmental and health effects of hydraulic fluids at hazardous waste landfills since hydraulic fluids that are currently used may or may not contain the same components present in old products of the same name. 

In most circumstances, performance-based standards are preferred by industry, as such standards tend not to limit innovative solutions or inhibit technological progress. The trend among SDOs and CDOs seems to favor performance-based requirements when feasible and when there is sufficient industry support for them during the development of a particular standard. Development of such requirements, in turn, often requires additional RD D to obtain data and conduct modeling and analysis. The DOE supports RD D needed to determine requirements that are to the extent possible performance-based. 

More use of engineering solutions to meet performance-based standards... 

The US Environmental Protection Agency is required to establish and phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources that emit dibenzofuran as one of the listed pollutants. 

Nickel chloride is listed as a US hazardous air pollutant, generally known or suspected to cause serious health problems. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990, directs the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to set standards requiring major sources to sharply reduce routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is required to establish and phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources that emit one or more of the listed pollutants. Nickel is also a toxic pollutant designated pursuant to Section 307(a) (1) of the Clean Water Act and is subject to effluent limitations. 

In North America, all plywood manufactures used to follow the prescriptive standard PSl (APA, 1995). However, since the introduction of performance-based standards such as PS2 (NIST, 2004) and PRP-108 (APA, 2001) in 1990s other structural panel products, such as OSB, can and have been used interchangeably in structural panel applications. 

The Hazard Communication Standard (HAZCOM) is performance-based, not specification-based. Performance-based standards are very flexible. They tell you what you have to accomplish and you decide how to do it. Except for a few minor things like ensuring that shipped containers have labels in English, OSHA doesn t care how you meet the goals of the hazard communication standard as long as you meet them. 

Regulatory programs should be designed to accommodate the rapid advances in biotechnology. Performance-based standards are, therefore, generally preferred over design standards. 

Encourage the use of market-based principles and other innovative approaches, such as performance-based standards and emissions banking and trading. 

Because SEMP and SEMS are, at root, performance-based standards, a sensible way of addressing their requirements is through the development of a risk-management program. Moreover a risk-based program is a virtual necessity for the large number of companies who are going take months, even years, to come into compliance. 

These five factors represent the major design decisions. In a sense, these parameters can be considered degrees of freedom" in the design of the SIS, while the SIL is the design constraint established by ISA 84 which is a performance based standard and has a few requirements listed below in a simpler manner (similar to other standards) ... 

BMSs have traditionally been designed and implemented according to prescriptive and other good engineering practices. These prescriptive practices do not require evaluation of the risk reduction capability of the BMS, whereas lEC 61511 (ISA 84.00.01) is a performance-based standard. NFPA standards reference ANSI/ISA... 

Consistent with the obligation to ensure that compliance remains in the workplace (and not with Government) new performance based standards require hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control. Such activities are basic and necessary to a functional system of safety management, but the requirement introduces a subjective element into the process which continues to cause problems and disputes as to whether what has been done complies with the legal requirement (Dell, 2001). 

SAE Standard J2527 (2004) Performance based standard for accelerated exposure of automotive exterior materials using a controlled irradiance xenon-arc apparatus. SAE International, Warrendale, PA... 

SAEJ 2527 [349] Performance Based Standard for Accelerated Exposure of Automotive Exterior Materials Using a Controlled Irradiance Xenon-Arc Apparatus... 

NTC. Performance based standards regulation impact statement March 2012. 2012, National Transport Commission, Melbourne, Australia. 

Additional requirements for mechanical fittings can be found in ASTM D 2513 - 1999 Standard Specification for Thermoplastic Gas Pressure Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings" which is incorporated by reference in 49 CFR Part 192.7. Performance based standards for mechanical fittings were developed in 1998, reference ASTM F 1924 Standard Specification for Plastic Mechanical Fittings for Use on... 

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