Paper process fluids

Known scale-up correlations thus may allow scale-up even when laboratory or pilot plant experience is minimal. The fundamental approach to process scaling involves mathematical modeling of the manufacturing process and experimental validation of the model at different scale-up ratios. In a paper on fluid dynamics in bubble column reactors, Lubbert and coworkers (54) noted ... 

Bag filters are traditionally used for very fine-particle collection. The filtering media are either woven textile or nonwoven paper or fiber mats. In the present case, the filtering media should be chosen in materials both compatible with the processed fluids (especially for antisolvent processes where the filter is contacted with SCF and organic solvents) and acceptable for drug manufacture. We currently tested various filter types woven or nonwoven polymer (like PTFE or polyamides) fibers to form bags or paper bags (as for vacuum cleaners), woven stainless-steel fibers to from a disk, or filter paper supported by a sintered disk at the bottom of a basket at a smaller scale ceramic filters can also be considered favorably. 

Actrasol. [Climax Performance] Sul-fated or sulfonated anionic surfactants lubricant, emulsifier in metalworicing fluids, cleaners, textiles, paper processing fat liquor for leather mold release rust preventative. 

Uses Defoamer for aq. systems, cleaning fluids, paperboard, paper processing, paints/coatings, metalworking fluids defoamer in food-contact paper coatings... 

Uses Emulsifier, detergent, wetting agent, dispersant, solubilizer, coupling agent for cosmetics, l l cleaners, paints, textiles, paper processing, adhesives, metalworking emulsifier for heavy petrol, oils and silicone fluids... 

Uses 0/w emulsifier for cosmetics vehicle for inert, difficult-to-disperse colorants, oils, and waxes provides silky lubricating feel, superior filmforming chars. for coatings, metalworking fluids, pulp/paper processing, textiles mold release for plastics Properties Sol. in min. oil, butyl Cellosolve, xylene, toluene, MEK, per-chloroethylene sol. hazy in Stod., VM P naphtha, kerosene disp. in water, ethanol, IPA m.w. 560 m.p. 91 C HLB 4 hyd. no. 85 flash pt. 204 C Ross-Miles foam 20 mm (initial, 50 C, 0.1%) nonionic Unithox 450 [Baker Petrolite]... 

Uses 0/w emulsifier for cosmetics vehicle for inert, difficult-to-disperse colorants, oils, and waxes provides silky lubricating feel, superior film-forming chars. also for coatings, metalworking fluids, pulp/paper processing, textiles mold release for plastics dispersant, compatibilizerfor rubbers... 

Uses Emulsifier in cosmetics vehicle coatings metalworidng fluids pulp/ paper processing textiles mold release agent for plastics Trade Names Unithox 420... 

Uses Surfactant, emulsifier for household/industrial detergents, textiles, leather, agric., paper processing, metal cleaning, cosmetics, toiletries, metalworking fluids and lubricants, paints/coatings, emulsion polymerization... 

Uses O/w emulsifier, iubricant, fiim-former for cosmetics vehicie for inert, difficuit-to-disperse colorants, oils, and waxes coatings metalworking fluids pulp/paper processing textiles mold releases Trade Name Synonyms Unithox 720 [Baker Petrol ite http //www. bakerpetrolite. com]... 

Uses Emulsifier for min. oils, animal oils, lubricants, metalworking fluids, cutting oils, cosmetics, agric. codetergent for industrial use defoamer in effluent treatment, pulp/paper processes low foaming additive in detergents, l l hard surf, cleaners, pulp/paper chems. 

Uses Surfactant for household cleaners, textile wet processing, paper processing, metal cleaning, detergents, hard-surf, cleaners, metalworking fluids and lubricants Trade Name Synonyms Genapol UD-110 [Clariant/Functional Chems.]... 

For example, little is known about acid-base interactions at solid/solid interfaces. It has long been recognized that molecular interactions across the interface between condensed phases may be split into physical and chemical terms. Physical interactions (vander Waals forces) contribute to the non-ideality of fluids and have been traditionally considered for interfaces. However, modern theories explain interfacial phenomena on solid surfaces, such as adhesion or wetting, in terms of chemical interactions. Moreover, the Lewis definition of acidity is so comprehensive that it can easily be accepted that most chemical interactions at solid surfaces may be effectively described as acid-base interactions [15]. continuously growing literature reinterprets interactions at solid/solid interfaces in terms of acid-base properties. For example, their role was shown in relation to solid/solid adhesion in film-substrate or fber-matrix systems as well as in wood and paper processing,... 

Wood Lignin AUcali-lignin, Lignosulphonate (from sulphite paper process) Clay deflocculant Additive in drilling fluids... 

This section covers media which are often found in several branches of industry (oil and gas, paper, and offshore industry) but don t fit in previous sections. It is obvious that only some media will be discussed as examples, and in general, because the number of different process fluids is difficult to survey. 

Uses Lubricant, emulsifier, and dispersant in metalworking fluids, pigment flushing, cleaners, textiles, paper processing Features Easily waste treatable Properties Water-disp. 

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